chose a name for the new colony, saying that it should be called Terra Mariae, or (in English) Maryland, in honor of his queen, Henrietta Maria.

Religious freedom in Maryland. - The charter which Lord Baltimore received made him the owner and ruler of all Maryland, and Maryland was declared to be a province of England. The only rental that was required was two Indian arrows to be given to the king during Easter week each year. Lord Baltimore's dearest wish was that, in

this colony, the persecuted of his own faith might find a safe refuge; for at that time the Catholics in England were treated

Maryland and Virginia

chose. All people were welcome to come to Maryland; it was "free soil for Christianity."

Cecil Calvert. - Before everything could be made ready for sending settlers to Maryland, Lord Baltimore died. But his great plans did not die with him. His son Cecil Calvert, known as the second Lord Baltimore, took hold of matters and pushed them forward with great earnestness. Within the next year,

two ships, with colonists, were ready to sail to the land

of promise.

Young Lord Baltimore was himself unable to go out at that time; but he sent his brother, Leonard Calvert, who

was to find a suitable place for the settlement and have the general management of the colony's affairs. The company included "very near twenty gentlemen of very good fashion, and three hundred laboring men well provided in all things." Nearly all were Catholics.

St. Marys.The place chosen for the first settlement was a pleasant spot on the bank of a broad inlet which opens into the its mouth. From the

Potomac, only a few miles from Indians who lived there the colonists bought as much land as they wanted, paying for it with axes, hoes, and cloth. A guardhouse was built, and soon a little village sprang up around it. The name of St. Marys was given to the village, and the inlet was called St. Marys River.

Their women

prepare corn

The warriors

The Indians proved to be very friendly. showed the white housekeepers how to meal, and how to bake cakes in the ashes. taught the white men how to hunt deer, and where to find wild fruits in their season. Corn was planted in the clearings; cattle and hogs were brought in from Virginia; there was no lack of food at St. Marys; and there was no suffering among the colonists as there had been during the first years at Jamestown and at Plymouth.

III. PROGRESS OF THE COLONY

New settlements. In a short time other settlers began to arrive in the colony, and plantations were opened in several places. The new province of Maryland seemed to be on the highroad to prosperity. But serious troubles were near at hand.

Clayborne's rebellion. -The Virginia colonists were very angry when they learned that another colony had been planted on lands claimed by themselves. A Virginia trader whose name was Clayborne had built a trading station on an island in Chesapeake Bay, and he refused to obey the laws of Lord Baltimore. He even tried to persuade the Indians to destroy the settlement at St. Marys. He went to England and petitioned the king. He gave his aid to a rebellion against Leonard Calvert - a rebellion which came near ending in the overthrow of law and order in Maryland. But he was finally silenced and obliged to keep the peace. Trouble from the Puritans. Some New England Puritans, who had been trying to preach their doctrines in

Virginia and had been roughly treated there, settled in Maryland at a place which they called Providence, but which is now known as Annapolis. They felt grieved that Catholics and Quakers should have freedom to worship God in their own way, and they tried hard to make trouble. But their efforts were in vain, and people of whatever religious belief were made welcome in the new colony.

In spite of all opposition the colony grew stronger year by year, and plantations were opened in all parts of the province. Thirty years after the first landing at St. Marys there were sixteen thousand white people in Maryland.

Towns and cities. - St. Marys was the capital of the province for a long time; but it never became a place of great importance. Other towns better situated for commerce sprang up at various places, and outstripped it in population and in trade. In 1694 the capital was removed to Annapolis where it still remains. It was not until nearly a hundred years after the death of Lord Baltimore that the noble city which bears his name was founded.

REVIEW

Why did Lord Baltimore wish to found a colony in America? Why was he not welcome among the colonists at Jamestown? What is meant by the oath of supremacy? By whom was the name, Maryland, given to Lord Baltimore's colony? Why were the Virginians jealous of the new colony? How did the Indians regard the early settlers in Maryland? What was the first capital of the colony? What was the second? What city was named in honor of the founder of the colony?

KING PHILIP

AND THE INDIANS OF NEW ENGLAND

I. THE INDIANS OF NEW ENGLAND

The sons of Massasoit. Among all the Indians in New England the colonists had no better friend than Massasoit, the head chief of the Wampanoags. As we have already learned, it was he who made the first treaty with the Pilgrims at Plymouth; and this treaty was faithfully kept as long as he lived.

He had two sons, Wamsutta and Metacomet, and he was anxious that they also should live in friendship with the white men. One day he took them with him to Plymouth and called upon the governor.

"I want these boys of mine to be like Englishmen," he said. "I want you to give them English names."

The governor was pleased with the idea. To the elder he gave the name of Alexander, and to the younger that of Philip, in honor of two kings famous in the history of Greece. No doubt the boys were much impressed with what they saw at Plymouth; and as time went on they learned very much about the ways of white men.

What the Indians thought of the English.-There were a great many Indians in New England. Some were very