Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under PressureThe interactions between environmental change and human societies have a long, complex history spanning many millennia, but these have changed fundamentally in the last century. Human activities are now so pervasive and profound that they are altering the Earth in ways which threaten the very life support system upon which humans depend. This book describes what is known about the Earth System and the impact of changes caused by humans. It considers the consequences of these changes with respect to the stability of the Earth System and the well-being of humankind; as well as exploring future paths towards Earth System science in support of global sustainability. |
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Contents
1 | |
6 | |
18 | |
24 | |
Department of Geography Richey Jeffrey | 41 |
New Insights into the Connectivity of the Earth System over Space and Time | 51 |
Dalhousie University Canada Scholes R | 54 |
New Insights into Nonlinearities Surprises and Thresholds | 64 |
How Humans are Changing the Earth System | 81 |
Mitra A | 110 |
Climate Environmental Physics Physics Institute Fu Congbin | 162 |
5 | 194 |
National Physical Laboratory University of Bern Switzerland | 197 |
New Delhi India | 278 |
Appendix | 305 |
Index | 311 |
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aerosol aerosol particles agricultural anthropogenic areas assessment atmos atmospheric CO2 Berlin Heidelberg biodiversity Biogeochem Cy biogeochemical cycles biological biomass biosphere carbon cycle century chemical climate change climate system CO2 concentration coastal zone complex decades deforestation dynamics ecosys ecosystems effects emissions ENSO environment environmental estimated example extinction feedbacks fertilisation fluxes forcing forest fossil fuel Gaia gases Geophys Res glacial Global Change Series greenhouse Greenland Heidelberg New York Holocene human activities human-driven hydrological cycle ice core IGBP IGBP Global Change impacts important increase interactions IPCC land cover land-cover land-use marine natural nitrogen North Atlantic nutrient ocean organic ozone past patterns perturbation phytoplankton plants population processes production radiative forcing record reefs regions responses river role scale Science sediment significant simulations soil species temperature terrestrial ecosystems Tg N yr–1 thermohaline circulation tion transport trends tropical tropospheric variability vegetation warming Younger Dryas