Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under PressureThe interactions between environmental change and human societies have a long, complex history spanning many millennia, but these have changed fundamentally in the last century. Human activities are now so pervasive and profound that they are altering the Earth in ways which threaten the very life support system upon which humans depend. This book describes what is known about the Earth System and the impact of changes caused by humans. It considers the consequences of these changes with respect to the stability of the Earth System and the well-being of humankind; as well as exploring future paths towards Earth System science in support of global sustainability. |
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Page viii
... Cycle as Transformed by Human Activities . . . . 111 3.3.4 Coastal and Marine Environments as Transformed by Human Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 3.3.5 Biological Diversity as ...
... Cycle as Transformed by Human Activities . . . . 111 3.3.4 Coastal and Marine Environments as Transformed by Human Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 3.3.5 Biological Diversity as ...
Page 3
... carbon cycles, for example, each operate as planetary systems has been known for well over a century. However, the ... cycle, as represented by the atmospheric concentration of the trace gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) ...
... carbon cycles, for example, each operate as planetary systems has been known for well over a century. However, the ... cycle, as represented by the atmospheric concentration of the trace gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) ...
Page 10
... carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide. In: Houghton JT, Ding Y, Griggs DJ, Noguer M, van der Linden PJ, Dai X, Maskell K, Johnson CA (eds) Climate change 2001: The scientific basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third ...
... carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide. In: Houghton JT, Ding Y, Griggs DJ, Noguer M, van der Linden PJ, Dai X, Maskell K, Johnson CA (eds) Climate change 2001: The scientific basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third ...
Page 11
... cycling and climate processes against which all current and future anthropogenic changes must be ... cycle and climate over space and time. The examination of biogeochemical systems assumes familiarity with the global cycles of carbon ...
... cycling and climate processes against which all current and future anthropogenic changes must be ... cycle and climate over space and time. The examination of biogeochemical systems assumes familiarity with the global cycles of carbon ...
Page 15
... carbon cycle. An important question is whether the time resolution of the ice record is precise enough to resolve ... cycle of around 100 000 years. The rapid oscillations in inferred temperature (Dansgaard/ Oeschger Cycles, see Fig. 2.5) ...
... carbon cycle. An important question is whether the time resolution of the ice record is precise enough to resolve ... cycle of around 100 000 years. The rapid oscillations in inferred temperature (Dansgaard/ Oeschger Cycles, see Fig. 2.5) ...
Contents
1 | |
6 | |
18 | |
24 | |
Department of Geography Richey Jeffrey | 41 |
New Insights into the Connectivity of the Earth System over Space and Time | 51 |
Dalhousie University Canada Scholes R | 54 |
New Insights into Nonlinearities Surprises and Thresholds | 64 |
How Humans are Changing the Earth System | 81 |
Mitra A | 110 |
Climate Environmental Physics Physics Institute Fu Congbin | 162 |
5 | 194 |
National Physical Laboratory University of Bern Switzerland | 197 |
New Delhi India | 278 |
Appendix | 305 |
Index | 311 |
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aerosol aerosol particles agricultural anthropogenic areas assessment atmos atmospheric CO2 Berlin Heidelberg biodiversity Biogeochem Cy biogeochemical cycles biological biomass biosphere carbon cycle century chemical climate change climate system CO2 concentration coastal zone complex decades deforestation dynamics ecosys ecosystems effects emissions ENSO environment environmental estimated example extinction feedbacks fertilisation fluxes forcing forest fossil fuel Gaia gases Geophys Res glacial Global Change Series greenhouse Greenland Heidelberg New York Holocene human activities human-driven hydrological cycle ice core IGBP IGBP Global Change impacts important increase interactions IPCC land cover land-cover land-use marine natural nitrogen North Atlantic nutrient ocean organic ozone past patterns perturbation phytoplankton plants population processes production radiative forcing record reefs regions responses river role scale Science sediment significant simulations soil species temperature terrestrial ecosystems Tg N yr–1 thermohaline circulation tion transport trends tropical tropospheric variability vegetation warming Younger Dryas