Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under PressureThe interactions between environmental change and human societies have a long, complex history spanning many millennia, but these have changed fundamentally in the last century. Human activities are now so pervasive and profound that they are altering the Earth in ways which threaten the very life support system upon which humans depend. This book describes what is known about the Earth System and the impact of changes caused by humans. It considers the consequences of these changes with respect to the stability of the Earth System and the well-being of humankind; as well as exploring future paths towards Earth System science in support of global sustainability. |
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Page 1
... ice 4 over core the last four glacial-intergla- record, combined with cur- rent measurements based on IPCC 2000 and projections of future scenarios (Petit et al. 1999; CO IPCC 2 and 2001). CH Dashed 4 levels lines along the y-axis ...
... ice 4 over core the last four glacial-intergla- record, combined with cur- rent measurements based on IPCC 2000 and projections of future scenarios (Petit et al. 1999; CO IPCC 2 and 2001). CH Dashed 4 levels lines along the y-axis ...
Page 3
... ice core ( Petit et al . 1999 ) ( Figs . 1.1 and 1.3 ) . These data , ppmv CO2 ppbv CH4 280- 260- 240- 220 200 420246∞ Inferred temperature ° C arguably among the most important produced by the global change scientific community in the ...
... ice core ( Petit et al . 1999 ) ( Figs . 1.1 and 1.3 ) . These data , ppmv CO2 ppbv CH4 280- 260- 240- 220 200 420246∞ Inferred temperature ° C arguably among the most important produced by the global change scientific community in the ...
Page 4
... ice core data and the projections of future values in Fig . 1.1 . Coupled with other lines of evidence , such as the isotopic composition of the carbon in at- mospheric CO2 and the latitudinal distribution of CO2 ( Prentice et al . 2001 ) ...
... ice core data and the projections of future values in Fig . 1.1 . Coupled with other lines of evidence , such as the isotopic composition of the carbon in at- mospheric CO2 and the latitudinal distribution of CO2 ( Prentice et al . 2001 ) ...
Page 10
... ice core , Ant- arctica . Nature 399 : 429-436 Petschel - Held G , Block A , Cassel - Gintz M , Kropp J , Lüdecke MKB , Moldenhauer O , Reusswig F , Schellnhuber HJ ( 1999 ) Syn- dromes of global change – a qualitative modelling ...
... ice core , Ant- arctica . Nature 399 : 429-436 Petschel - Held G , Block A , Cassel - Gintz M , Kropp J , Lüdecke MKB , Moldenhauer O , Reusswig F , Schellnhuber HJ ( 1999 ) Syn- dromes of global change – a qualitative modelling ...
Page 13
... ice core record from Antarc- tica, spanning the last 420 000 years (Fig. 1.3; Petit et al. 1999), provides the single most compelling template for multi-millennial scale natural variability in the geologi- cally recent past. Of the many ...
... ice core record from Antarc- tica, spanning the last 420 000 years (Fig. 1.3; Petit et al. 1999), provides the single most compelling template for multi-millennial scale natural variability in the geologi- cally recent past. Of the many ...
Contents
1 | |
6 | |
Harvard University USA The University of Newcastle | 60 |
Claussen Martin | 75 |
How Humans are Changing the Earth System | 81 |
3 | 109 |
Magnitudes Rates and Significance of Human Changes | 131 |
4 | 142 |
Department of Geosciences Harvey Nick | 166 |
5 | 203 |
NASA Headquarters Washington DC USA Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research | 234 |
Dalhousie University Canada Scholes R | 251 |
References | 299 |
Mitra A | 305 |
Acknowledgements | 307 |
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aerosol aerosol particles Africa agricultural anthropogenic areas Asia atmos atmospheric CO2 Berlin Heidelberg biodiversity Biogeochem Cy biological biomass biosphere Cambridge carbon cycle century chemical climate change climate system CO₂ coastal zone complex concentration decades deforestation dynamics Earth System functioning ecosys ecosystems effects emissions ENSO environment environmental estimated example extinction feedbacks fertilisation flux forcing forest fossil fuel Gaia Geophys Res glacial Greenland growth Heidelberg New York Holocene human activities human-driven hydrological hydrological cycle ice core IGBP IGBP Global Change impacts important increase influence interactions IPCC land-cover Lovelock marine natural nitrogen North Atlantic nutrients ocean organic ozone past patterns perturbation photosynthesis phytoplankton plant population processes production radiative forcing record regions responses river role scale Science sediment significant simulations soil solar species surface temperature terrestrial ecosystems Tg N yr–1 thermohaline circulation tion transport trends tropical tropospheric variability vegetation warming Younger Dryas