Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under PressureThe interactions between environmental change and human societies have a long, complex history spanning many millennia, but these have changed fundamentally in the last century. Human activities are now so pervasive and profound that they are altering the Earth in ways which threaten the very life support system upon which humans depend. This book describes what is known about the Earth System and the impact of changes caused by humans. It considers the consequences of these changes with respect to the stability of the Earth System and the well-being of humankind; as well as exploring future paths towards Earth System science in support of global sustainability. |
From inside the book
Results 1-5 of 75
Page 4
... increase in CO2 concentra- tion in the atmosphere over the past three decades and forms the link between the natural variability provided by the Vostok ice core data and the projections of future values in Fig . 1.1 . Coupled with other ...
... increase in CO2 concentra- tion in the atmosphere over the past three decades and forms the link between the natural variability provided by the Vostok ice core data and the projections of future values in Fig . 1.1 . Coupled with other ...
Page 5
... increased 10 - fold to 6 000 million . Concomitant with this population increase , the rate of consumption has risen even more sharply . Just as rapid and profound are other changes sweeping across human societies , many through the ...
... increased 10 - fold to 6 000 million . Concomitant with this population increase , the rate of consumption has risen even more sharply . Just as rapid and profound are other changes sweeping across human societies , many through the ...
Page 6
... increasing human activities is intensifying sharply ( Crutzen 2002 ; McNeill 2001 ) ( Fig . 1.7 ) . The manner in ... increase the vulnerability of coastal settlements and infrastructure . Similar webs of connectivity can be found for ...
... increasing human activities is intensifying sharply ( Crutzen 2002 ; McNeill 2001 ) ( Fig . 1.7 ) . The manner in ... increase the vulnerability of coastal settlements and infrastructure . Similar webs of connectivity can be found for ...
Page 15
... increase ( Raynaud et al . 2003 ) shows that such an increase would be imprinted in the record through a CO2 peak reaching concentrations higher than 315 ppmv with a very slow return toward the pre - industrial level . Such a CO2 signal ...
... increase ( Raynaud et al . 2003 ) shows that such an increase would be imprinted in the record through a CO2 peak reaching concentrations higher than 315 ppmv with a very slow return toward the pre - industrial level . Such a CO2 signal ...
Page 25
... increases turbulence , which affects the fluxes of heat and moisture and also modifies windspeed . Large - scale ... increase the diffi- culty of comparing the effects of CO2 with other greenhouse gases . -1 -0.5 -0.3 0.3 0.5 1 The ...
... increases turbulence , which affects the fluxes of heat and moisture and also modifies windspeed . Large - scale ... increase the diffi- culty of comparing the effects of CO2 with other greenhouse gases . -1 -0.5 -0.3 0.3 0.5 1 The ...
Contents
1 | |
6 | |
Harvard University USA The University of Newcastle | 60 |
Claussen Martin | 75 |
How Humans are Changing the Earth System | 81 |
3 | 109 |
Magnitudes Rates and Significance of Human Changes | 131 |
4 | 142 |
Department of Geosciences Harvey Nick | 166 |
5 | 203 |
NASA Headquarters Washington DC USA Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research | 234 |
Dalhousie University Canada Scholes R | 251 |
References | 299 |
Mitra A | 305 |
Acknowledgements | 307 |
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aerosol aerosol particles Africa agricultural anthropogenic areas Asia atmos atmospheric CO2 Berlin Heidelberg biodiversity Biogeochem Cy biological biomass biosphere Cambridge carbon cycle century chemical climate change climate system CO₂ coastal zone complex concentration decades deforestation dynamics Earth System functioning ecosys ecosystems effects emissions ENSO environment environmental estimated example extinction feedbacks fertilisation flux forcing forest fossil fuel Gaia Geophys Res glacial Greenland growth Heidelberg New York Holocene human activities human-driven hydrological hydrological cycle ice core IGBP IGBP Global Change impacts important increase influence interactions IPCC land-cover Lovelock marine natural nitrogen North Atlantic nutrients ocean organic ozone past patterns perturbation photosynthesis phytoplankton plant population processes production radiative forcing record regions responses river role scale Science sediment significant simulations soil solar species surface temperature terrestrial ecosystems Tg N yr–1 thermohaline circulation tion transport trends tropical tropospheric variability vegetation warming Younger Dryas