thousand five hundred to two thonsand heads to acoteo teme Tcomplish the work properly. They are used renoqu gaibesqpeatedly in the different stages of the process; but moe it bel retoa piece of fine cloth generally breaks this number before it is finished, or it may be said that there is a consumption answering to the proposed fineness— pieces of the best kinds requiring one hundred and fifty or two hundred runnings up, according to cirbcumstances.

TALLOW-TREE OF INDIA.

A vegetable tallow, extracted by boiling from the fruit of the Vateria Indica tree, growing in Canara province, and others on the western coast of the peninsula of India, has lately been brought to Lont of don, in a very hard and tough cake. This singular gia substance, observes Dr. Babington, is a concrete ined flammable, partaking of the nature of wax and oil, w9w which, from its appearance, may not inaptly be termaniq ed, a tallow. It is in use only in the town of Manund galore, province of Canara, and is there employed eti 1957 medicinally as an external application for bruises wog and rheumatick pains, and likewise, when melted atoms with the resin of the same tree, is used as a substien bom tute for tar in paying the bottoms of boats. The a to bevon method of preparing this material is simply to boil selfpd-easy sitt sollo the fruit in water, when the tallow is soon found to robin patind leger rise of bators as rise to the surface in a melting state, and on cooling quive and sand for The Teazle.] od ove forms a solid cake. Thus obtained, the Piney talIngo no audenery wedi Venalatenor de low (Piney is the name of the tree which produces season prove moist, great injury ensues; but expo-it) is generally white, sometimes yellow, greasy to sure to wet for any length of time ruins the head, the touch, with some degree of waxiness, almost which, by its peculiar construction, retains the mois- tasteless, and has a rather agreeable odour, someture, and it decays. They cannot be stacked like what resembling common cerate. It melts at a tem corn, as pressure destroys the spines, and a free cir-perature of 9740, and consequently remains solid in culation of air is required to dry them thoroughly. the climate of India, in which respect it differs from The teazle, perhaps, affords a solitary instance of palm or cocoa-nut oil; wrapped up in folds of blot a natural production being applied to mechanical ting paper, and submitted to strong pressure, scarcepurposes in the state in which it is produced. It ly sufficient oil, or elain, as it is termed by M. Bracappears, from many attempts, that the objects design-conot, is expressed to imbue the inmost fold. Its ed to be effected by the teazle cannot be supplied by tenacity and solidity are such, that when cast in a any contrivance-successive inventions having been rounded form of nine pounds weight, (in which state abandoned as defective or injurious. The use of the specimen was sent from India) the force of two the teazle is to draw out the ends of the wool from strong men was not sufficient to cut it asunder with the manufactured cloth, so as to bring a regular pile a fine iron wire, and even with a saw there was or nap upon the surface, free from twistings and considerable difficulty in effecting a division. When knottings, and to comb off the coarse and loose manufactured into candles, it comes with facility parts of the wool. The head of the true teazle is from the moulds, thus differing from wax, which composed of incorporated flowers, each separated does not readily admit of being cast; it gives as by a long, rigid, chaffy substance, the terminating bright a light as tallow, and has the advantage of point of which is furnished with a fine hook. Many that material in being free from unpleasant smell, of these heads are fixed in a frame; and with this and in not emitting a disagreeable odour when exthe surface of the cloth is teased, or brushed, until tinguished. It unites in all proportions with wax, all the ends are drawn out, the loose parts combed off, and the cloth ceases to yield impediments to the free passage of the wheel, or frame, of teazles. Should the hook of the chaff, when in use, become fixed in a knot, or find sufficient resistance, it breaks, without injuring or contending with the cloth, and care is taken by successive applications to draw the impediment out; but all mechanical inventions hitherto made use of, offer resistance to the knot; and, instead of yielding and breaking as the teazle does, resist and tear it out, making a hole, or injuring the surface. The dressing of a piece of cloth consumes - great multitude of teazles. it requiring from one

spermaceti, and tallow; and formis compounds with the two former, intermediate in their melting points, according to the proportion in their ingredients, and better adapted to the purpose of making candles, than the pure and more fusible substance.

Sir Horace Vere, on being asked by the Marquis Spinola, a celebrated general, the cause of his brother's death is said to have replied, "He died, sir, of having nothing to do." Alas!" said the Marquis, that is cause enough to kill any general of us all,"

FARMERS' DEPARTMENT.

WHEAT-IMPORTANT DISCOVERY.

The New York Farmer publishes a letter from the Rev. Mr. Coleman, announcing an important discovery from the destruction of the grain fly.

The grain fly or insect, which, for a few years past has been destructive to wheat in many parts of the country, has this year extended its ravages, and excited wherever he made his appearance, very serious alarm. An eminent farmer in the State of New York wrote to me a year since that he must give up the cultivation of wheat, as his crops were so much injured that he hardly obtained a return equal to the seed sown. I knew another instance in the same State, where though the straw was large, and the appearance promising, yet from thirteen bushels

sown not more than seven were obtained.

I have known other cases in which the whole field has been mowed and sold for litter; and in a recent excursion up the valley of the Connecticut I have heard complaints every where, and hundreds of acres so destroyed that the grain they would yield would hardly pay for reaping. Besides this, the same insect has destroyed many fields of rye in the same manner as the wheat, and had been found this year in the oats; the progress of the insect has been about forty miles a year; and a distinguished gentlemen in Vermont, a practical and extensive farmer, remarked that he feared they would on this account be obliged to relinquish the cultivation of small grain.

The habits of the insect have not yet been accurately observed. I myself have not yet seen the fly, but have seen the worms in the kernel after the grain has been destroyed. He is represented as being a small reddish fly, which is seen hovering over the wheat fields in immense numbers, while just in flower, and has been observed to light upon the kernel or bud, to ascend it, and then descending to the inner side, to deposite his egg between the stalk and the kernel. I purposely avoid the use of all scientifick terms, wishing to be understood by common farmers. this egg the worm is generated which entirely consumes the grain while in the milk, leaving nothing but the husk in which are found several yellow worms about an eighth of an inch in length. As the work of destruction is now completed, any farther observations are of no importance, unless we can some way reach so as to destroy the germ of the insect. No preparation of the seed or ground, has yet been found effectual to this end.

From

The continuance of the fly upon the grain is thought not to exceed three or four days, and they are seen in great numbers just at night. Some farmers have found late sowing a partial security as the season for the flies has passed away before the wheat was in condition for their attack.

Spring wheat sown as late as the 7th and 8th of June, has been untouched, though in case of such very late sowing, the farmer will be fortunate if, in attempting to escape the fly, he does not get nipped by the frost.

I have now, however, the extraordinary happiness of announcing to the agricultural publick, what there 18 reason to believe, will prove an effectual, as it is a reasonable and feasible preventive. Should it prove effectual, the remedy will be worth millions

and millions of dollars to the country. It was communicated to me on a late tour of agricultural inquiry and observation, by Dr. E. Lyman, of Lancaster whose crop of wheat usually averages from twentyN. H. an intelligent, enlightened, and practical farmer, five to thirty bushels per acre, It consists in the application of fine slacked lime to the wheat just at the time of its heading out and flowering, at the rate of about a peck to the acre.

It is sown broadcast upon the wheat while the dew is on, and the field is rendered white with it. The best mode of applying it is with the hand, and for the to walk backwards, so that he may not cover himself person who sows it, taking his proper breadth or cast, with the lime. It must be sown while the wheat is wet or the dew is on, and the philosophy of its appli cation is very simple. The maggot of the fly is deposited between the grain and the stalk. It is of mixed with the dew is carried down upon, and neucourse an animal substance. The lime or alkali, tralizes or destroys it. Dr. Lyman has now tried this preventive three successive years, and has invaof his neighbours have been destroyed. riably, as he assures me saved his crops, while those

I visited, at the same time, the field of a Mr. BelDr. Lyman to make this application. The field conlows, in the same town, who had been advised by sisted of several acres. He tried it, and it has proved successful, and what is strongly confirmatory of the value of this remedy, is the fact that a field of rye, belonging to Mr. Bellows, adjoining the wheat, and I limed, has been nearly destroyed by the fly. think within the same enclosure, which was not

and I make no delay in presenting them to the public. These are certainly very important experiments, Dr. Lyman has promised me a more particular account of the experiment and result, and likewise Mr. Bellows, which as soon as received, I shall be and indefinite communications that the same experihappy to communicate. I have received indirect ment has been successfully made in Gilmanton, N. H.; but I have not yet been able to obtain either

the name or the details.”

FOOT MARKS IN ROCKS.

A correspondent of the Richmond Enquirer published in that paper the following interesting communication:

During an excursion which I lately made to the upper part of Orange county, in this state, I learned that there existed in that neighbourhood, a rock on which were found several impressions of human feet. The fact, in itself, would have attracted my curiosity; but I was induced, still more, to visit the rock from the knowledge, that such pehnomena had greatly interested the geologists of our country and of Europe. I thus wished, from personal observation, to add another fact to those already known, for the speculations of philosophy or the inductions of

science.

The rock containing these impressions, is found on the estate of Mr. James Early, about six miles southwest of Stanardsville, in Orange county. It lies on the North branch of the Rivanna river, in a low ground called Buffalo meadow from a tradition

[Omai. Painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds.]

England, where he was treated with much kindness and introduced into the best society. The ease and even elegance of his manners was an object of surprise; but almost all the uncivilized people of this part of the world, and more especially the New Zealanders, have exhibited the same natural respect for the opinions and feelings of others which is the foundation of real politeness. Dr. Johnson speaks of Omai as showing the deportment of a well-bred gentleman. Omai was not a person of consequence, that is a chief, in his own country, where the distinctions of rank are all-important. We add the following remarks on Omai from "the New Zealanders," a volume published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge:

"When Captain Cook, whom he had so long accompanied, left him, during his last voyage, at Huaheine, with every provision for his comfort, he earnestly begged to return to England. It was nothing that a grant of land was made to him at the interposition of his English friends-that a house was built and a garden planted for his use. He wept bitter tears; for he was naturally afraid that his new riches would make him an object of hatred to his countrymen. He took back many valuable possessions and some knowledge. But he was originally one of the common people; and he soon saw, although he was not sensible of it at first, that without rank he could obtain no authority. He for

got this, when he was away from the people with | In a word, Kentucky, the land of abundance, had whom he was to end his days; but he seemed to supplied a feast for her children.

feel that he should be insecure when his protector, A purling stream gave its waters freely, while the Cook, had left their shores. He divided his pres-grateful breezes cooled the air. Columns of smoke ents with the chiefs; and the great navigator threat- from the newly kindled fires rose above the trees; ened them with his vengeance if Omai was molest- fifty cooks or more moved to and fro as they plied ed. The reluctance of this man to return to his their trade; waiters of all qualities were disposing original condition was principally derived from these the dishes, the glasses, and the punch-bowls, amid considerations, which were to him of a strictly per- vases filled with rich wines. "Old Monongahela" sonal nature. The habits amidst which the natives filled many a barrel for the crowd. And now, the of this island are born, may be modified by an inter-roasted viands perfume the air, and all appearances course with civilized men, but they cannot be eradi-conspire to predict the speedy commencement of a cated."

KENTUCKY BARBECUE ON THE FOURTH OF JULY.

banquet such as may suit the vigorous appetite of American woodsmen. Every steward is at his post ready to receive the joyous groups that at this moment begin to emerge from the dark recesses of the woods.

Each comely fair one, clad in pure white, is seen advancing under the protection of her sturdy lover. the neighing of their prancing steeds proclaiming how proud they are of their burden. The youthful riders leap from their seats, and the horses are speedily secured by twisting their bridles round a branch. As the youth of Kentucky lightly and gaily advanced towards the Barbecue, they resembled a procession of nymphs and disguised divinities. Fathers and mothers smiled upon them, as they followed the brilliant cortége. In a short time the ground was alive with merriment. A great wooden cannon, bound with iron hoops, was now crammed with home-made

BEARGRASS CREEK, which is one of the many beautiful streams of the highly cultivated and happy state of Kentucky, meanders through a deeply shaded growth of majestick beech woods, in which are interspersed various species of walnut, oak, elm, ash, and other trees, extending on either side of its course. The spot on which I witnessed the celebration of an anniversary of the glorious Proclamation of our Independence is situated on its banks, near the city of Louisville. The woods spread their dense turfs toward the shores of the fair Ohio on the west, and over the gently rising grounds to the south and east. Every open spot forming a planta-powder; fire was conveyed to it by means of a train, tion was smiling in the luxuriance of a summer har- and as the explosion burst forth, thousands of hearty vest. The farmer seemed to stand in admiration of huzzas mingled with its echoes. From the most the spectacle: the trees of his orchards bowed their learned, a good oration fell in proud and gladdening branches, as if anxious to restore to their mother words on every ear, and although it probably did not earth the fruit with which they were laden; the equal the eloquence of a Clay, an Everett, a Webster, flocks leisurely ruminated as they lay on their gras-or a Preston, it served to remind every Kentuckian sy beds; and the genial warmth of the season seemed inclined to favour their repose.

The free, single hearted Kentuckian, bold, erect, and proud of his Virginian descent, had, as usual, made arrangements for celebrating the day of his country's Independence. The whole neighbourhood joined with one consent. No personal invitation was necessary where every one was welcomed by his neighbour, and from the governor to the guider of the plough all met with light hearts and merry fa

ces.

present of the glorious name of Washington. Fifes and drums sounded the march which had ever led him to glory; and as they changed to our celebrated “Yankee Doodle," the air again rang with acclamations.

Now the stewards invited the assembled throng to the feast. The fair led the van, and were first placed around the tables, which groaned under the profusion of the best productions of the country that had been heaped upon them. On each lovely nymph attended her gay beau, who in her chance or sideIt was indeed a beautiful day; the bright sun rode long glances ever watched an opportunity of reading in the clear blue heavens; the gentle breezes wafted his happiness., How the viands diminished under around the odours of the gorgeous flowers; the lit- the action of so many agents of destruction I need tle birds sang their sweetest songs in the woods, not say, nor is it necessary that you should listen to and the fluttering insects danced in the sunbeams. the long recital. Many a national toast was offered Columbia's sons and daughters seemed to have grown and accepted, many speeches were delivered, and younger that morning. For a whole week or more, many essayed an amicable reply. The ladies then many servants and some masters had been busily en-retired to booths that had been erected at a little disgaged in clearing an area. The undergrowth had tance, to which they were conducted by their partbeen carefully cut down, the low boughs lopped off, ners, who returned to the table, and having thus and the grass alone, verdant and gay, remained to cleared for action, recommenced a series of hearty carpet the sylvan pavilion. Now the wagons were rounds. However, as Kentuckians are neither slow seen slowly moving along under their load of provis-nor long at their meals, all were in a few minutes ions, which had been prepared for the common ben-replenished, and after a few more draughts from the efit. Each denizen had freely given his ox, his ham, bowl, they rejoined the ladies, and prepared for the his venison, his turkeys, and other fowls. Here were to be seen flagons of every beverage used in the country; "La belle Riviere" had opened her finny stores; the melons of all sorts, peaches, plums, and pears, would have sufficed to stock a market.

dance.

Double lines of a hundred fair ones extended along the ground in the most shady part of the woods, while here and there smaller groups awaited the merry trills of reels and cotillions. A burst of musick

The second night brought the same apparitions, and the next day he was more pale, and cast down than before, but still came to no explanation.

from violins, clarionets, and bugles, gave the wel- I was not an illusion; he felt the movement, he recogcome notice, and presently the whole assemblage nised every place in the chamber. The next mornseemed to be gracefully moving through the air. ing he appeared at the breakfast table, pale and wan The "hunting-shirts" now joined in the dance, their as after a night without sleep; but from a natural fringed skirts keeping time with the gowns of the delicacy he gave only evasive answers to to the ladies, and the married people of either sex stepped questions of his host. in and mixed with their children. Every countenance beamed with joy, every heart leaped with gladness; no pride, no pomp, no affectation, were there; their spirits brightened as they continued The third night was like the first; and his livid their exhilarating exercise, and care and sorrow cheeks and sunken eyes excited the next morning, were flung to the winds. During each interval of uneasiness in the family. The Baron took M. Prest, refreshments of all sorts were handed round, aside, and urged him to tell him frankly if he had and while the fair one cooled her lips with the grate-not experienced something disagreeable in his sleepful juice of the melon, the hunter of Kentucky ing chamber. Then the latter related all that had quenched his thirst with ample draughts of well tem- occured, and the Baron confessed that for a long pered punch. time this chamber had been closed, that no one would occupy it, and that the domesticks dared not go there. After this explanation, M. P requested per

I know, reader, that had you been with me on that day, you would have richly enjoyed the sight of this national fête champêtre. You would have listened with pleasure to the ingenious tale of the lov-mission to examine the house. He found that the er, the wise talk of the elder on the affairs of the chimney of the house was closed up from within, so state, the accounts of improvement in stock and that all air was excluded; the windows beside were utensils, and the hopes of continued prosperity to always kept shut, and the doors were scarcely ever the country at large, and to Kentucky in particular. open; he remarked also that the chamber was situYou would have been pleased to see those who did ated in a wing of the building, and surmounted by a not join the dance, shooting at distant marks with roof through which there was no perceptible opentheir heavy rifles, or watched how they shewed off ing. He concluded that the mephitick gas, inclosed the superiour speed of their high bred "old Virgin-within the garret had penetrated into the room ia" horses, while others recounted their hunting through some old wainscotting; there the air beexploits, and at intervals made the woods ring with came corrupted, and with nothing to renovate it, the their bursts of laughter. With me the time sped brain was effected by it in such a way as at excite a like an arrow in its flight, and although more than momentary delirium which presented to the imagitwenty year elapsed since I joined a Kentucky Bar-nation these nocturnal views. becue, my spirit is refreshed every fourth of July by the recollection of that day's merriment.

opening made through the roof. The air which came through this aperture was of a quality so mephitick, that one of the workmen was taken sick, and would have fallen had it not been for the aid of his companion.

M. P made a report upon his observations, and set himself to work to remedy the evil. The But now the sun has declined, and the shades of windows were opened; a current of air was estabevening creep over the scene. Large fires are light-lished between the room and the chimney way; an ed in the woods, casting the long shadows of the living columns far along the trodden ground, and flaring on the happy groups, loath to separate. In the still clear sky, began to sparkle the distant lamps of heaven. One might have thought that Nature herself smiled on the joy of her children. Supper now appeared on the tables, and after all had again refreshed themselves, preparations were made for departure. The lover hurried for the steed of his fair one, the hunter seized the arm of this friend, families gathered into loving groups, and all returned in peace to their happy home.

Audubon.

SINGULAR EFFECTS OF INFECTED AIR IN A

SLEEPING ROOM.

The same night, M. P slept in the chamber. As he had been without rest for three days, he slept better than ever, and nothing more was heard about apparitions.

THE SUN

Among the celestial bodies, the sun is certainly the first which should attract our notice. It is a fountain of light that illumes the world! It is the cause of that heat which maintains the productive powers of Nature, and makes the earth a fit habitation for man! It is the central body of the planeM. P———, an architect of Vienna, went on busi-tary system, and what renders a knowledge of it ness to the country seat of Baron de One of still more interesting to us is, that the numberless the most beautiful chambers of the chateau, was as-stars which compose our universe appear, by the signed him for his lodging apartment. Scarcely strictest anology, to be similar bodies. Their inhad he laid himself down before he seemed to feel nate light is so intense, that it reaches the eye of as if he was taken up from his bed and carried about the chamber hither and thither; at one time he found himself upon the bed; at another, beneath it; now he was near the door or the windows; now in the midst of an enormous fire chimney; at the same time there was not light enough to enable M. Pto distinguish clearly every object in the room. It

the observer from the remotest regions of space, and forcibly claims his notice. The sun, by its attractive power, retains the planets of our system in their orbits. From all these, we may have a clear idea of the vast importance and powerful influence of the sun on its planetary system, and the beneficent of fects we feel from the diffusion of its rays.