P

he took up his residence near Albany, and that he solicited the Mohawks to aid him against the English, but without success. The various attacks and encounters he had with the English, from February to August, 1676, are so minutely recorded, and in so many works, that we will not enlarge upon them in this place.

When success no longer attended him, in the western parts of Massachusetts, those of his allies whom he had seduced into the war, upbraided, and accused him of bringing all their misfortunes upon them; that they had no cause of war against the the English, and had not engaged in it but for his solicitations; and many of the tribes scattered themselves in different directions. With all that would follow him, as a last retreat, Philip returned to Po⚫ kanoket.

On the eleventh of July, he attempted to surprise Taunton, but was repulsed. His camp was now at Matapoiset; and the English came upon him under Captain Church, who captured many of his people, but he escaped over Taunton river, as he had done a year before, but in the opposite direction, and secreted himself once more upon Pocasset. He used many stratagems to cut off Captain Church, and seems to have watched and followed him from place to place, until the end of this month; but continually loosing one company after another. Some scouts ascertained that he, with many of his men, were at a place upon Taunton river, and from appearances were about to repass it. His camp was now at this place, and the chief of his warriours with him. Some soldiers from Bridgewater fell upon them here, July thirty-first, killed ten warriours; but Philip having disguised himself, escaped. His uncle, Akkompoin, was among the slain, and his own sister taken prisoner.

The next day, August first, the intrepid Church came upon his headquarters, killed and took about one hundred and thirty of his people, and himself very narrowly escaping. Such was his precipitation that he left all his wampum behind, and his wife and son fell into the hands of Church. Some of Philip's

Indians, who now served under Church, said to him, "You have now made Philip ready to die; for you have made him as poor and miserable as he used to make the English. You have now killed or taken all his relations-that they believed he would soon have his head, and that this bout had almost broken his heart."

Philip having now but few followers left, was driven from place to place, and lastly to his ancient seat, near Pokanoket. The English for a long time had endeavoured to kill him, but could not find him off his guard; for he was always the first who was apprized of their approach. Having put to death one of his men for advising him to make peace with them, his brother deserted him, and gave Captain Church an account of his situation, and offered to lead him to the place. Early on Saturday morning, August, twelfth, Church came to the swamp where Philip was encamped. And before he was discovered, had placed a guard about it, so as to encompass it, except a small place. He then ordered Captain Golding to rush into the swamp, and fall upon Philip in his camp; which he immediately did-but was discovered as he approached, and as usual, Philip was the first to fly. Having but just awaked from sleep, had on but a part of his clothes, he fled with.

all his might. Coming directly upon an Englishman and an Indian, who composed a part of the ambush at the edge of the swamp, the Englishman's gun missed fire, but Alderman, the Indian, whose gun was loaded with two balls, "sent one through his heart, and another not above two inches from it. He fell upon his face in the mud and water, with his gun under him."

Cure for intemperance and smoking.-Indian cunning.-A friend of ours, who has had extensive dealings with the Indians of Mississippi, relates the following characteristick anecdote, which he says is undoubtedly the truth. A chief, by the name of Glover, in a gush of passion, happened to slay another Indian. The invariable penalty for killing among these primitive beings is death; and that punishment is, by their custom, to be inflicted by the nearest friends of the deceased. These had met together with the prisoner in their charge to execute the last sentence on poor Glover. He asked one favour of them, before he died, and, as generous enemies, he hoped they would grant it, as it was the last he would ever ask of them; it was, that he might be permitted to take one more glass of liquor and smoke. one more pipe of tobacco. So small a request was readily granted; they promised to postpone the execution until he drank and smoked again. Having got them sufficiently committed to this proposition, he gave them to understand that he never intended to do either. Such is the sacredness of an Indian promise, that this subterfuge has thus far saved Glover's life, and this occurrence took place ten years ago.

THE DEAD MARINER.

BY GEORGE D. PRENTICE, ESQ.
SLEEP on-sleep on-above thy corpse
The winds their sabbath keep-
The wave is round thee-and thy breast
Heaves with the heaving deep.
O'er thee, mild eve her beauty flings,
And there the white gull lifts her wings;
And the blue halcyon loves to lave
Her plumage in the holy wave.
Sleep on-no willow o'er thee bends
With melancholy air,

No violet springs, nor dewy rose

Its soul of love lays bare;

But there the sea-flower bright and young
Is sweetly o'er thy slumbers flung;
And, like a weeping mourner fair;
The pale flag hangs its tresses there.
Sleep on-sleep on-the glittering depths
Of ocean's coral waves
Are thy bright urn-thy requiem,
The musick of its waves;-
The purple gems for ever burn,
In fadeless beauty round thy urn;
And, pure and deep as infant love,
The blue sea rolls its waves above.
Sleep on-sleep on-the fearful wrath
Of mingling cloud and deep,
May leave its wild and stormy track
Above thy place of sleep.

But when the wave has sunk to rest,
As now 't will murmur o'er thy breast;
And the bright victim, of the sea
Perchance will make their home with thee.
Sleep on-thy corpse is far away,
But love bewails thee yet-
For thee the heart-rung sigh is breathed,
And lovely eyes are wet :-

And she, thy young and beauteous bride,
Her thoughts are hovering by thy side;
As oft she turns to view with tears
The Eden of departed years.

NATURAL HISTORY.

THE SHEEP.

THE above engraving represents the broad-tailed sheep, so common in Tartary, Arabia, Persia, Barbary, Syria, and Egypt. "This sheep is only remarkable for its large and heavy tail, which is often found to weigh from twenty to thirty pounds. It sometimes grows a foot broad, and is obliged to be supported by a small kind of board, that goes upon wheels. This tail is not covered underneath with wool, like the upper part, but is bare; and the natives, who consider it as a very great delicacy, are very careful in attending and preserving it from injury. Mr. Buffon, supposes that the fat which falls into the caul in our sheep, goes in these to furnish the tail; and that the rest of the body is from thence deprived of fat in proportion. With regard to their fleeces, in the temperate climates, they are, as in our own breed, soft and woolly; but in the warmer latitudes, they are hairy; yet in both they preserve the enormous size of their tails.

[Four-Horned Ram.]

sive plains of Siberia. Among the degenerate descendants of the wild sheep, there have been so many changes wrought, as entirely to disguise the kind, and often to mislead the observer. The variety is so great, that scarcely any two countries have their sheep of the same kind; but there is found a manifest difference in all, either in the size, the covering, the shape, or the horns. The sheep without horns are counted the best sort, because a great part of the animal's nourishment is supposed to go up into the horns.

is

The woolly sheep, as it is seen among us, found only in Europe, and some of the temperate provinces of Asia. When transported into warmer Sheep, like other ruminant animals, want the up-countries, it loses its wool, and assumes a covering per fore-teeth; but have eight in the lower jaw: two fitted to the climate, becoming hairy and rough; it of these drop, and are replaced at two years old; there also loses its fertility, and its flesh no longer four of them are replaced at three years old; and has the same flavour. In the same manner, in the all at four. The new teeth are easily known from very cold countries, it seems equally helpless and a the rest, by their freshness and whiteness. There stranger; it still requires the unceasing attention of are some breeds, however, that never change their mankind for its preservation; and although it is found teeth at all; these the shepherds call the leather- to subsist, as well in Greenland as in Guinea, yet it mouthed cattle; and, as their teeth are thus long seems a natural inhabitant of neither. wearing, they are generally supposed to grow old a year or two before the rest. The sheep brings forth one or two at a time, and sometimes three or four. The first lamb of an ewe is generally pot-bellied, short, and thick, and of less value than those of a second or third production; the third being supposed the best of all. They bear their young five months; and, by being housed, they bring forth at any time of the year.

Of the domestick kinds to be found in the different parts of the world, besides our own, which is common in Europe, another variety is to be seen in Iceland, Muscovy, and the coldest climates of the north. This, which may be called the Iceland sheep, resembles our breed in the form of the body and the tail; but differs in a very extraordinary manner in the number of the horns; being generally found to have four, and sometimes even eight, growing from But this animal, in its domestick state, is too different parts of the forehead. These are large and well known to require a detail of its peculiar habits, formidable; and the animal seems thus fitted by naor of the arts which have been used to improve the ture for a state of war: however, it is of the nature breed. Indeed, in the eye of an observer of nature, of the rest of its kind, being mild, gentle, and timid. every art which tends to render the creature more Its wool is very different also from that of the comhelpless and useless to itself, may be considered mon sheep, being long, smooth, and hairy. Its colrather as an injury than an improvement; and if we our is of a dark brown; and under its outward coat are to look for this animal in its noblest state, we of hair it has an internal covering, that rather resemmust seek for it in the African descrt, or the exten-bles fur than wool, being fine, short, and soft.

The third observable variety is that of the sheep called strepsicheros. This animal is a native of the islands of the Archipelago, and only differs from our sheep in having straight horns, surrounded with a spiral furrow.

The last variety is that of the Guinea sheep, which is generally found in all the tropical climates, both of Africa and the East Indies. They are of a large size, with a rough hairy skin, short horns, and ears hanging down, with a kind of dewlap under the chin. They differ greatly in form from the rest, and might be considered as animals of another kind, were they not known to breed with other sheep. These, of all the domestick kinds, seem to approach the nearest to the state of nature. They are larger, stronger, and swifter, than the common race; and, consequently, better fitted for a precarious forest life. However, they seem to rely, like the rest, on man for support; being entirely of a domestick nature, and subsisting only in the warmer climates.

volutions, above two ells long. They are of a yellow colour, as was said, but the older the animal grows, the darker the horns become: with these they often maintain very furious battles between each other; and sometimes they are found broken off in such a manner, that the small animals of the forest creep into the cavity for shelter. When the musmon is seen standing on the plain, his forelegs are always straight, while his hinder legs seem bent under him; but in cases of more active necessity, this seeming deformity is removed, and he moves with great swiftness and agility. The female very much resembles the male of this species, but that she is less, and her horns also are never seen to grow to that prodigious size they are of in the wild ram. Such is the sheep in its savage state; a bold, noble, and even beautiful animal: but it is not the most beautiful creatures that are always found most useful to man. Human industry has therefore destroyed its grace, to improve its utility."

Such are the varieties of this animal, which have been reduced into a state of domestick servitude. These are all capable of producing among each other; all the peculiarities of their form have been made THE COMMON, OR WILD PIGEON, OR DOVE. by climate and human cultivation; and none of them The genus Columba includes, what are commonseem sufficiently independent to live in a state of ly called the dove and the pigeon, with all their varisavage nature. They are, therefore, to be consider-eties; and they intermix and amalgamate without ed as a degenerate race, formed by the hand of man, any apparent reluctance. They are easily domesand propagated merely for his benefit. At the same time, while man thus cultivates the domestick kinds, he drives away and destroys the savage race, which are less beneficial, and more headstrong. These, therefore, are to be found in but a very small number, in the most uncultivated countries, where they have been able to subsist by their native swiftness and strength. It is in the more uncultivated parts of Greece, Sardinia, Corsica, and particularly in the deserts of Tartary, that the moufflon is to be found, that bears all the marks of being the primitive race; and that has been actually known to breed with the domestick animal.

The moufflon, or musmon, though covered with hair, bears a stronger similitude to the ram, than to any other animal: like the ram, it has the eyes placed near the horns: and its ears are shorter than those of the goat; it also resembles the ram in its horns, and in all the particular contours of its form. The horns also are alike; they are of a yellow colour; they have three sides, as in the ram, and bend backward in the same manner behind the ears; the muzzle, and the inside of the ears, are of a whitish colour, tinctured with yellow; the other parts of the face are of a brownish gray. The general colour of the hair over the body is of a brown, approaching to that of the red deer. The inside of the thighs and the belly are of a white, tinctured with yellow. The form, upon the whole, seems more made for agility and strength than that of the common sheep; and the moufflon is actually found to live in a savage state, and maintain itself, either by force or swiftness, against all the animals that live by rapine. Such is its extreme speed, that many have been inclined rather to rank it among the deer kind, than the sheep. But in this they are deceived, as the musmon has a mark that entirely distinguishes it from that species, being known never to shed its horns. In some these are seen to grow to a surprising size; many of them measuring, in their con

ticated, and are far less mischievous or troublesome than other tamed birds. When ill treated, however, they quit their old abodes, and seek the haunts of the distant forest. The wild pigeon is found both in the western and eastern continent, and their peculiar habits are generally well known. Both the domestick and the wild are proverbially faithful in their connubial attachment and condition. They procreate almost every month in the year, and their increase therefore is remarkably rapid. As to the form of the dore or pigeon, it is beautiful as any bird known, and its colours are attractive though not so gaudy as some others. They are very rapid on

R

The Wild Pigeon, or Dove.]

the wing, and are known to pass over a great distance of country in a short time. From very remote ages, they have been employed to convey intelligence on particular occasions. They are so used, even now, in some parts of Europe. Very recently, some were thus employed as "swift messengers," from Paris to Antwerp. The pigeons to be used for such a purpose, are taken from the place, to which the intelligence is intended to be sent, and the letter, of as little weight as possible, is fastened to the wings in such a way as not to impede their use; and then they are let loose, when they return directly and quickly to their home, by an unaccountable instinct.

The wild pigeon is a migratory bird, and yet they are not so regular nor do they wander so far, as some others, which go from the extreme north to the far south. They visit different parts of the United States, however, at different seasons. They are not often found in the N Eug.' states, except in summer, or the latte art of ping They abound in the month of May e agair in August, when they are still more abundan.. :cme parts

of New York, Ohio, &c., they are very numerous; and a century ago, were in far greater numbers in Massachusetts now then they are. As food, they are much sought and valued.

of

[Lentils.]

Above all other birds, the dove is most intimately small brown," "yellowish," and the "lintil of Provand familiarly associated in our minds with ideas of "small brown," "yellowish," and the "lintil of Provthe quiet seclusion of rural life, and the enjoyment ence." In the former country they are dressed, and peace and love. This simple bird, by no means eaten during Lent as a haricot; in Syria they are remarkable for its sagacity, so soft in its colouring used as food after they have undergone the simple and graceful in its form, that we cannot behold it process of being parched in a pan over the fire. without being conscious of its perfect loveliness, is The edom or red pottage, was prepared, by seethin some instances endowed with an extraordinary instinct, which adds greatly to its poetical interest. That species called the carrier pigeon has often been celebrated for the faithfulness with which it pursues its mysterious way, but never more beautifully than in the following lines by Moore:

"The bird let loose in eastern skies,
When hast'ning fondly home,
Ne'er stoops to earth her wing, or flies
Where idle wanderers roam.

But high she shoots through air and light,
Above all low delay,

Where nothing earthly, bounds her flight,
Or shadow dims her way.

So grant me, God, from every stain
Of sinful passion free,

Aloft through virtue's purer air,
To steer my flight to thee.

No sin to cloud, no lure to stay
My soul, as home she springs,
Thy sunshine on her joyful way,
Thy freedom on her wings."

ing lentils (adashim) in water; and subsequently, as we may guess from a practice which prevails in many countries, adding a little manteca, or suet, to give them a flavour. The writer of these observations has often partaken of this self-same "red pottage," served up in the manner just described, and found it better food than a stranger would be apt to imagine. The mess had the redness which gained for it the name edom; and which, through the singular circumstance of a son selling his birthright to satisfy the cravings of a pressing appetite, it imparied to the posterity of Esau in the people of Edom."

ON BEETLES AND LOCUSTS.

"The return of a great abundance of beetles has been long observed to be in the same places once every third year; and this is in a contradictory manner to the abundance of the locusts, which are a

LENTILS.

"The lentil (or Lens esculenta of some writers, and tne Ervum lens of Linnæus) belongs to the leguminous or podded family. The stem is branched, and the leaves consist of about eight pairs of smaller leaflets. The flowers are small, and with the upper division of the flower prettily veined. The pods contain about two seeds, which vary from a tawny red to a black. It delights in a dry, warm, sandy soil. Three varieties are cultivated in France

[The Beetle]

Pas admon 1919 uni hav [The Locust.]

to maturity, as in the eggs of the butterfly for birds and other creatures, and the immense number of fry produced from the roes of female fish, as food for other fishes. In tracing the wonders of Nature in this manner to their source, who can avoid seeing the goodness of God, who has allotted the reciprocal increase of the beetles and the locusts in such a manner, that there shall always be but a very few of the latter to lay their eggs in that year when they will almost all attain maturity; but even here second causes again interfere, and a dry autumn and a wet spring prove great impediments to the increase of locusts in those years when the little grubs of the beetles are able to do them but little injury.

Tradition relates, as well as history, that the lo

of Spain, from time immemorial. In an old Spanish document is the following question: "Which is the animal that resembles most all other animals?" The answer is: "The locust; because he has the horns of a stag; the eyes of a cow; the forehead of a horse; the leg of a crane; the neck of a snake; and the wings of a dove."

ways found to be most scarce in that year. The beetle lays its eggs in the beginning of winter, and these in the succeeding spring produce a sort of grubs, which live under the surface of the earth, and in this state they continue till the third year, when they change into beetles in July, and die, after laying their eggs, in October. The eggs of the locust are the destined food for these animals, and as provident Nature has always allowed a sufficient quantity for their supply, if at any time there be not sufficient grubs to eat them, the country is consequently overrun by the locusts; and this, which is looked upon as a miracle, or preternatural visitation, is found, when strictly inquired into, to be only the natural course of those laws by which the whole chain of beings was at first regulated. The period-cust has been a plague to the meridional provinces ical years of abundance or scarcity of locusts may be thus accounted for: when the beetles lay their eggs, the next year only hatches them into grubs, which are small, and unable to eat any of the locust eggs; consequently, the year after, great quantities of these devourers are produced. In the second year the grubs increase in strength, and are able to eat their destined food; from which operation the succeeding year affords only what may be called a moderate number of locusts, neither remarkably fine nor in great abundance. In the third year, the grubs being at their full growth and strength, they then devour a prodigious number of eggs, after which they pass through the chrysalis state, and become beetles; the consequence of which is, that in the third year there is a vast number of beetles and a smaller number of locusts; after this, the latter gradually increase in number, until they are devoured again. Thus, in the general scale of beings, no one is created for itself alone; but there is a dependance in every link of the great universal chain, and every being it consists of, up to man, at least, is of service to some other! In order to this, it is necessary that the species be not wholly destroyed; but that many more young ones should be produced than ever come

The locust, Gryllus migratorius, belongs to the same family as the cricket and grasshopper. It is about two inches and a half in length, and is for the most part green with dark spots. The mandibles or jaws are black, and the wing coverts are of a bright brown spotted with black. It has an elevated ridge or crest upon the thorax, or that portion of the body to which the legs and wings are attached. The locusts seen in the engraving, are said to be unlike any that were seen before or after, in size and numbers. There is another species found in Egypt, Barbary, and the south of Europe, the Gryllus Aegyptius, which is somewhat larger than the migratorius. The voracity with which the Gryllus migratorius eats up every thing that is green and tender has rendered a visit from a swarm of these creatures one of the most terrible judgements that can overtake an eastern nation."