865. Adjectives, or epithets, sometimes serve for distinguishing that to which they are applied, from other things; and, sometimes, only for describing that thing itself; and care must be taken to, understand them accordingly.

"The true God," not "who has the attribute of truth,' but 'who alone is truly God,' distinguished from those who are called gods; it is determined to this sense, either by what is joined with it, or by being opposed to these.

1 Pet. iv. 3. "Walked in aμITOIS εidWλoλαтperais unlawful idolatries," not distinguished from any lawful' idolatries, according to Popish writers, but describes all idolatry as unlawful; it is determined to this sense by the nature of the thing, and other texts.

866. Epithets do not always imply that the qualities, or characters which are the foundation of them, do presently belong to the subjects to which they are applied; but are applied, sometimes, because they formmerly belonged,' and, sometimes, because they were afterwards to belong, to them; but this is not to be supposed rashly.3

Glass. ib. c. 3.

1 Gen. ii. 23. “This is bone of my bones," &c. made from his rib, v. 21, 22.

—was so, being

2 Sam. xxiv. 23. “These things did Araunah 7 (Eng. “as a king," wrong) the king give;" king of the Jebusites, probably, before David reduced them.

Exod. vii. 12. " Aaron's rod swallowed up their rods," they had been, and were to be such, though at present serpents. Isa. xi. 6. “The wolf shall dwell with the lamb," &c figurative expressions for persons fierce like these; they formerly were so, but now totally changed, so as to dwell, &c. This gives beauty and force to the description."

Mat. xi. 5. "The blind see, the lame walk," &c. They who were blind, lame, &c. So John ix. 17. "the blind man," that had been blind.'-or, receive sight, the power of walking,' &c.

So, Mat. x. 3. xxvi. 6. xxi. 31. Rom. iv. 5. 1 Cor. xv. 5.
Heb. xi. 31.

* Gen. xxix. 21. Deut. xxii. 24.
woman betrothed.

John x. 16. "Other sheep I have." 'God," not then, but were to be.

Mat. i. 20.

"Wife," &

Ch. xi. 52. "Children of

Eph. v. 27. "The church glorious," &c. not now, but shall be in heaven.

3 Mat. xxvi. 26. 1 Cor. x. 16. xi. 26, 27, 28.

66 'Bread," not

because such only before blessing, according to Popish
writers; for it still remains bread.

SECT. V.

The Usage of Verbs.

867. THE usage of verbs respects their general signification—and their several accidents, mode-tenseperson-number-voice; in all which there are peculiarities productive of difficulty.

868. The genius of the Hebrew language occasions many peculiarities in the signification of its verbs; [151. 156. 157. 158.] which must be attended to in explaining them; and these are, likewise, carried into the Greek of the New Testament.

869. The Hebrew language having no compound verbs, simple verbs, both in it and the Greek of the New Testament, have often the signification of what would, in other languages, be their compounds with different prepositions; but, as this is not always the case, it may, sometimes, produce an ambiguity, which is to be determined by the sense, or by parallel pas

sages.

Glass. 1. 3. t. 3. c. 1.

Ty simply to stand; but Dan. xi. 3, 4. to stand against, resist." "A mighty king (Alexander) shall (stand up, Eng.) resist; and when he shall (stand up, Eng.) have resisted, his kingdom shall be broken." The connexion, v. 2. shows this to be the sense.

נפל

'to fall'—but also 'to fall away' or desert. Jer. xxxvii. 13. "Thou fallest (away) to the Chaldeans." to fall off, fail.' Josh. xxi. 45. 1 Kings viii. 56. "There hath not failed," become void.

John x. 16. "Them also I must bring," ayayen, for ovayayesV 'gather together,' ch. xi. 52. or goσayayɛ, to bring to' the fold.

John xiv. 31. Αγωμεν, for ὑπαγωμεν, "let us withdraw," retire. v. 18, 28. Epxomal, "I come," for avɛgxoμa: “I return”— enallage for aveλevσoμa: "I will return."

870. In the Hebrew, and, from its usage, in the Greek of the New Testament, a verb, besides the action strictly denoted by it, implies, likewise, another related action; so that the idiom of other languages requires the supplying of another verb for expressing its full force, or its real meaning.

Glass. ib. c. 2.

לקח

"to take," but often, "to take and bring," or, having taken to bring." Gen. xv. 9, 10. Exod. xviii. 2. xxvii.

20.

Num. xix. 2.-Mat. iv. 5, 8. арaλaμbavεl, "took," i. e. 'having taken carried.' So ch. xxvii. 27. Gen. xliii. 34.

"And he took (and sent, Eng.) messes unto them." V. 33. my x 'N D'VIND INDO", "the men marvelled one at another," Eng. but this is not the sense; they all marvelled at Joseph's behaviour. Literally, "marvelled one to another," but not English—“ marvelling they looked," or, " they looked with wonder one at another."

Rev. xiii. 3. εθαύμασεν οπίσω το θηρίου, “ wondered after the beast," Eng. this is literal, but wants precision-“ looked with wonder," or "wondering followed after the beast." Ezra ii. 62.1", literally, " And they were polluted from the priesthood;" "as polluted put from," Eng. which is right, v. 63.

Psal. lxxxix. 39. л"thou hast profaned his crown to the ground;"-" by casting it to," Eng.

Isa. xiv. 17. n'a nn

108, literally, "loosed not his prisoners homeward."-Eng. "opened not the house of his prisoners," no version:-supply, "that they might return," or "sent them" home.

Ch. xxxviii. 17. лpen "thou hast loved my soul from the pit.”

- Eng. "hast in love to my soul delivered it from."

Luke xxi. 38. "All the people apepice pos AUTO", literally, "rose early in the morning, or by the dawn, to him""came to him," Eng." rising came."

871. Verbs sometimes denote, not the action or effect expressed by them simply, but under some particular modification of it. [876.]

872. Thus, verbs expressing an action or effect, sometimes denote only the beginning,' and sometimes, only the continuance of it. [156.]

1 1 Sam. iii. 21. "The Lord appeared again (continued to ap

pear). Eng. "for he revealed;" others, " after the had revealed (begun to reveal) himself to Samuel."

1 Kings vi. 1. "In the fourth year 12" and he built," "began to build," Eng. for it was finished in the eleventh, v. 38. confirmed by 2 Chron. iii. 1, 2.

Mat. ii. 7. "The time 78 Parvoμεvov asepos when the star appeared," began to appear, v. 16.

Luke v. 6. “Their net diegenyvoro brake," began to break, or was like to break, v. 7.

2 Lev. xxvi. 11.

among you."

“And I will set my tabernacle (continue)

Jer. vii. 3. ɔɔ" And I will cause you to dwell (continue to dwell) in this place."

873. Verbs sometimes express, not simply doing the action, but doing it in a particular manner, connoting some quality, adjunct, or condition of it.

Glass. ib. c. 13, 14.

Ezek. xxvi. 14. "Thou shalt be built no more," Tyre-not strictly true, Paletyrus-but not built magnificently, elegantly.' Prov. xxxi. 4. "It is not for kings to drink wine," immoderately, to excess.

Mat. xi. 18, 19. " Neither eating nor drinking," abstemious in both" eating and drinking," not immoderately, but freely, like other men.

Mat. x. 32. "Confess me," not simply, but with faith, boldness, subjection, v. 27, 28. Rom. x. 9. So 1 John iv. 15. John viii. 34. 1 John iii. 9. v. 18.

deliberately, habitually.

1 Sam. x. 24. 1 Kings i. 25.

"Commit sin," wilfully,

'', Eng. «God save the

king," but literally, "may the king live," prosperously, happily. 1 Sam. xxv. 6. "to him that liveth," Eng. supply "in prosperity." So Psal. xxii. 26. lxix. 32.

1 Thess. iii. 8. "Now we live," are happy.

"To will,” does not signify always simple volition.—' To will