Archbishop of Canterbury, Stephen Langton [q. v.], made him and his fellow commissioners swear, before they left England, that they would attempt nothing to the hurt of the king or kingdom. Nevertheless they tried to persuade the pope to send a legate to England to compel the king to restore the royal castles to the custody of the barons. Being successfully opposed by John Houghton, archdeacon of Bedford, the archbishop's chancellor, they were unable to accomplish their design. They were not allowed to reenter England, for they were held to have acted treasonably (WALTER OF COVENTRY, ii. 263; Annals of Dunstable, p. 89). After the fall of Falkes de Breauté, Passelewe accompanied him to Rome and assisted him in pleading his cause before the pope in 1225 (WENDOVER, iv. 103). The illness, followed by the death, of the archbishop in 1228 seems to have opened the way for the reconciliation of the king with Passelewe, who soon became one of Henry's favourites, for he attached himself to the Poitevin party. This party became powerful in 1232, and at Christmas Henry changed his ministers, and the treasurer, Walter Mauclerk [q. v.], bishop of Carlisle, being dismissed to make room for Peter de Rievaux [q. v.], one of the adherents of Peter des Roches, the Poitevin bishop of Winchester, Passelewe was appointed treasurer of the exchequer and deputytreasurer of the kingdom under Peter de Rievaux (ib. p. 264). He received the custody of several of the manors belonging to Hubert de Burgh, then in disgrace with the king, eight of which manors were, in 1234, given by the king to Hubert's wife.

The magnates of the kingdom were indignant at the predominance of the Poitevin party, and specially denounced Passelewe, who is described by Roger de Wendover as treasurer (ib. p. 276). Attacks were made on the ministers' lands in the spring of 1234, and Passelewe's manor of Swanbourne in Buckinghamshire was invaded by a band of outlaws under Richard Siward. Moreover, they made prisoner Sir William de Holewer, sheriff of Hertfordshire, who had married Passelewe's sister, and forced him to pay a heavy ransom. Under the pressure of Edmund Rich q. v.], archbishop of Canterbury, and other bishops, Henry at last dismissed his ministers in April. A few days later, on the 26th, Passelewe's barns and crops near Staines were burnt by Siward's band. The archbishop compelled the king to call Passelewe and the other dismissed ministers to account for their doings, and he was summoned to appear at Westminster on 24 June. Knowing that his life was in imminent danger-for

many were prepared to slay him he went into hiding, and it was generally supposed that he had gone to Rome (ib. p. 314). He had, however, taken refuge in the New Temple, where he lay close, feigning sickness, and though after a while the king's summons reached him, he did not for some time dare to obey it (MATT. PARIS, iii. 293). Commissioners were appointed in July to inquire into his dealings with the lands of Hubert de Burgh (Royal Letters, i. 449). When he at last ventured forth, the displaced justiciar, Stephen de Segrave, in order to shield himself, accused his late fellow ministers before the king of the various acts of maladministration that had rendered their rule odious, and Passelewe forthwith again withdrew into hiding (MATT. PARIS, iii. 296). Hubert de Burgh recovered from him, by process of law, certain lands which had been given to Passelewe by the king. In February 1235 Passelewe made his peace with the king on payment of a heavy fine, but was not, as he had hoped, immediately restored to full favour. In the course of the next year, however, he was again admitted to favour and employed by the king (Annals of Dunstable, p. 144).

In or about 1243 Passelewe advised the king to make, as a means of raising money, an inquisition into encroachments on the royal forests, and, having been appointed justice of the forests south of the Trent, held an inquisition with such severity as to bring ruin on many persons of all ranks, while he enriched the treasury by fines amounting to several thousand marks. In these proceedings he was assisted by Sir Geoffrey Langley, whom he had brought up, and whom he caused to be associated with himself in his office. His success in this matter rendered him highly acceptable to the king. He was already a prebendary of St. Paul's and archdeacon of Lewes when, in April 1244, the canons of Chichester, seeing that he was a good man of business, and being desirous of pleasing the king, elected him bishop. Many of the bishops were determined to prevent his promotion, and being assisted by Boniface of Savoy [q. v.], archbishop-elect of Canterbury, they set Robert Grosseteste [q. v.], bishop of Lincoln, to examine him. He was unable to answer the exceedingly hard questions which Grosseteste put to him, and Boniface accordingly rejected him as ignorant and declared the election void. Henry, in great wrath, appealed to the pope, and sent Lawrence of St. Martin, afterwards bishop of Rochester, to represent him at the Roman court (MATT. PARIS, iv. 401, 412). Innocent IV, however, confirmed the rejection by a bull dated 21 July 1245 (Fadera, i. 261). Langley, who, although

he owed much to Passelewe, proved ungrateful to him, appears to have supplanted him in the royal favour, removed the bailiffs of the forests that he had appointed, and greatly injured him. Disgusted at this treatment, Passelewe determined to give up the service of the court and devote himself to spiritual things. Accordingly, on 9 Dec. 1249, he was ordained priest by the Bishop of Ely, and received from him the church of Dereham in Norfolk, holding also, as it seems, the church of Swanbourne (PARIS, v. 85, 94, 137). The king was highly incensed against him, for he wanted the living of Dereham for his halfbrother, Aymer de Valence [q. v.]; he insulted Passelewe with abusive words, gave Langley a commission to inquire into his proceedings as justice of the forests, and at Christmas extorted rich gifts from him. It seems probable that he made his peace with the king by these gifts, for Henry is said to have acted by his advice in unjustly depriving the abbot of Ramsey of his market at St. Ives in 1252. Passelewe died at Waltham on 6 June of that year. To the notice of his death Matthew Paris adds, 'his works do follow him' (ib. p. 299). Although thoroughly unscrupulous, he was industrious and able. His family, probably through his instrumentality, became possessed of property in Surrey and Sussex. Another Robert Passelewe was soon after knight of the shire for Sussex, and appears to have left a son Edmund [q. v.]

[Matt. Paris, iii. iv. v. passim, vi. 73, Ann. Dunstable ap. Ann. Monast. iii. 89, 107, 137, 185, Ann. Osney, ib. iv. 78; Walt. of Coventry, ii. 261, Royal Letters Hen. III, i. 449 (all Rolls Ser.); Roger of Wendover, iv. 103, 264, 276 (Engl. Hist. Soc.); Rymer's Fœdera, i. 209, 254, 261 (Record edit.); Manning's Hist. of Surrey, ii. 257.] W. H.

PASSELEWE, SIMON (A. 1260), baron of the exchequer, probably a brother of Robert Passelewe [q. v.], was one of the clerks of Henry III. In 1237, and later, he was acting as justice of the Jews, and took his

place in that capacity with the barons of the exchequer. In 1256 he received a fine for a house at Lincoln which had belonged to Vives, one of the Jews put to death on the charge of crucifying the boy Hugh (1246?-1255) [q.v.] The king, in 1258, employed him to raise money, nominally by way of loans, from various religious houses, and he promised Henry to obtain a large sum for him. He used guile and threats, but failed to obtain money at St. Albans, Reading, and Waltham, and the scheme was therefore abandoned (MATT. PARIS, v. 682-7). In February 1260 he was sent by the council of regency with letters to the king, who was then in France (Royal Letters, ii. 154). Later in the same year he was appointed, with the Bishop of Lichfield and others, to treat with Llywelyn; and Hugh Mortimer, one of the king's clerks, who was with the envoys, wrote to Henry praising the diligence and faithfulness that he showed in the course of the negotiations (Fœdera, i. 400, 404; Royal Letters, ii. 165). He was one of the king's proctors at the court of Louis IX of France in 1263, and Walter, bishop of Exeter, the head of the embassy there, warmly expressed his obligation to Passelewe. He was again sent as envoy to France in October 1265. In 1267-8 he sat as a baron of the exchequer, and in 1268 was appointed one of the king's proctors at the court of France (ib. p. 476). He attested a charter in 1269. No later notice of him is known. Matthew Paris, who did not forgive Passelewe's attempt to extort money from St. Albans and other monasteries in 1258, describes him as false and crafty. At the same time he seems to have been one of the most diligent and able of the king's ministers of the second rank.

[Foss's Judges, ii. 436; Matt. Paris, Chron. Maj. v. 682-7, Gesta Abb. S. Albani, i. 374-9, Royal Letters Hen. III, ii. 154, 165, 293 (all three Rolls Ser.); Rymer's Fœdera, i. 344, 374, 397, 400, 401, 425, 476 (Record ed.); Excerpta e Rot. Fin. ii. 255 (Record publ.); Madox's Hist. of Excheq. i. 727, ii. 319, 320.] W. H.

Oxenden, George (1651-1703)

10

Pagan, James (1811-1870)

36

Paganel, Adam (fl. 1210). See under Paganel,

Oxenden, George.

Ralph.

Ralph.

12

Paganel, Fulk (d. 1210?).

See under Paganel,

13

Ralph.

15

Paganel, Ralph (f. 1089)

87

Oxenden, Sir George (1694-1775). See under

Oxenden or Oxinden, Henry (1609–1670)
Oxenedes or Oxnead, John de (d. 1293 ?)
Oxenford, John (1812-1877)

Oxenham, Henry Nutcombe (1829-1888)
Oxenham, John (d. 1575)

Oxford, Earls of. See Vere, Robert de, third Earl
of the first creation (d. 1221); Vere, John
de, seventh Earl (1313-1360); Vere, Robert
de, ninth Earl (1362–1393); Vere, Aubrey
de, tenth Earl (1340?-1400); Vere, John
de, thirteenth Earl (1443-1513); Vere, John
de, sixteenth Earl (1512 ?-1562); Vere, Ed-
ward de, seventeenth Earl (1550-1604);
Vere, Aubrey de, twentieth Earl (1626-
1703); Harley, Robert, first Earl of the
second creation (1661-1724); Harley, Ed-
ward, second Earl (1689–1741).
Oxford, John of (d. 1200)

Oxinden, Henry (1609-1670). See Oxenden.
Oxlee, John (1779–1854).

Oxley, John (1781-1828)

Oxley, Joseph (1715–1775)

Paganel, William (fl. 1169). See under Paganel,
Ralph.

Paganell or Painel, Gervase (fl. 1189)
Page, Benjamin William (1765-1845)
Page, David (1814-1879)

Page, Sir Francis (1661 ?-1741)
Page, Frederick (1769-1834)
Page, John (1760 ?-1812)
Page, Samuel (1574-1630)

Page, Thomas (1803-1877)

15

Page, Sir Thomas Hyde (1746-1821)
Page, William (1590–1663)

Pageham or Pagham, John de (d. 1158).
Paget, Lord Alfred Henry (1816-1888). See
under Paget, Henry William, first Marquis
of Anglesey.

19 Paget, Sir Arthur (1771-1840)

Paget, Charles (d. 1612).

Paget, Sir Charles (1778-1839)

19 Paget, Lord Clarence Edward (1811-1895).

38

38

39

39

41

41

42

42

43

44

45

45

.

46

49

Paniter. See Panter.

Panizzi, Sir Anthony (1797-1879)
Panke, John (fl. 1608)

183

Park, Mungo (1771-1806)

218

Park, Patric (1811-1855)

221

Park, Thomas (1759-1834)

223

Parke, Daniel (1669-1710)

225

Parke, Henry (1792 ?-1835)

Panmure, Earls of. See Maule, Patrick, first
Earl (d. 1661); Maule, James, fourth Earl
(1659 ?-1723); Maule, Harry, titular Earl
(d. 1734).

Panmure, Barons. See Maule, William Ram-
say, first Baron Panmure of Brechin and
Navar, Forfarshire (1771-1852); Maule,
Fox, second Baron Panmure (of the United
Kingdom), and eventually eleventh Earl of
Dalhousie (in the peerage of Scotland)
(1801-1874).

Panmure, Lord of. See Philip de Valoniis
(Valognes) (d. 1215).
Panter, David (d. 1558)

Panter, Panniter, or Panther, Patrick (1470 ?-
1519)

Pantin, Thomas Pindar (1792-1866)

Panton, Paul (1731-1797)

Parke, Sir James, Baron Wensleydale (1782-
1868)

Parke, John (1745-1829).

Parke, Maria Hester, afterwards Beardmore
(1775-1822). See under Parke, John.

183

Parke, William Thomas (1762-1847)

230

Parker, Alexander (1628-1689)

Parker, Benjamin (d. 1747)

. 230

232

Parker, Charles (1800-1881)

. 232

Parker, Sir Peter (1721-1811).

Parker, Sir Charles Christopher (1792-1869). 233
Parker, Christopher (1761-1804).

See under

186

Pantulf, Ivo (d. 1176 ?). See under Pantulf or

Pantolium, William.

Pantulf, Robert (A. 1130). See under Pantulf

or Pantolium, William.

Pantulf or Pantolium, William (d. 1112 ?)

Pantulf, William (d. 1233).

Pantulf, Hugh.

Paoli, Pascal (1725-1807)

Papillon, David (1581-1655 ?)

Parker, Edmund, second Earl of Morley (1810-
1864). See under Parker, John, second
Baron Boringdon and first Earl of Morley.
Parker, Emma (A. 1811)

Parker, George (1651-1743)

233

233

186

Parker, George, second Earl of Macclesfield

See under

Parker, Sir George (1767-1847)

190

Parker, Sir George (d. 1857)

237

Papillon, Philip (1620-1641).

Papillon, Thomas.

Papillon, Thomas (1623-1702)

See under

190

Papilon or Papylion, Ralph, called de Arundel
(d. 1223)

Papin, Denis (1647-1712?)

Papin. Isaac (1657-1709). See under Papin,
Denis.

192

Parker, Henry, eighth Baron Morley (1476-
1556)

Parker, George Lane (1724-1791). See under
Parker George, second Earl of Macclesfield.
Parker, Henry (d. 1470).

237

238

Papineau, Louis Joseph (1786-1871)

Papworth, Edgar George (1809-1866)

194

Papworth, George (1781-1855)

195

Parker, Henry Perlee (1795-1873).
Parker, Sir Henry Watson (1808-1881)

241

242

Papworth, John, afterwards John Buonarotti

Parker, Sir Hyde (1714-1782).

242

196

Parker, Sir Hyde (1739-1807).

Papworth, John Thomas (1809-1841). See

Parker, Hyde (1784 ?-1854).

under Papworth, George.

Papworth, John Woody (1820-1870)

198

Parker, Sir Hyde (173-1807).
Parker, James (1750-1805)

245

Papworth, Wyatt Angelicus Van

Sandau

Parker, Sir James (1803-1852)

(1822-1894).

Parker, John (1534-1592)

246

. 246

Paradise, John (1743-1795)

Parker, John (f. 1655)

247

Pardoe, Julia (1806-1862)

201

Parker, John (d. 1681)

Pardoe, William (d. 1692)

Parker, John (A. 1705)

247

202

Parker, John (1730 ?-1765?)

248

Pare, William (1805-1873)

203

Parker, John (A. 1762-1776).

248

Parent, Étienne (1801-1874)

204

Parker, John, second Baron Boringdon and

Parepa-Rosa, Euphrosyne Parepa de Boyesku
(1836-1874)

first Earl of Morley (1772-1840).

248

204

Parker, John (1798–1860)

. 250

Parker, John (1799-1881)

250

Warton.

Parker, John William (1792-1870).

251

Parish, Sir Woodbine (1796-1882)

Parfre, Jhan (fl. 1512)

Paris, John Ayrton, M.D. (1785-1856)

Paris, Matthew (d. 1259)

Parish-Alvars, Eli or Èlias (1808–1849)

205

Parker, Martin (d. 1656?)

Parker, Matthew (1504-1575)

254

Parker, Sir Nicholas (1547-1619)

213

Parker, Sir Peter (1721-1811)

Parker, Sir Peter (1785-1814).

266

Park, Andrew (1807-1863)

. 215

Parker, Sir Philip (fl. 1580).

See under

Park, Henry (1745-1831)

Park or Parkes, James (1636-1696)

Parker, Henry, eighth Baron Morley.
Parker, Richard (1572-1629) .

. 267

VOL. XLIII.

GG