ineffective.' The Monthly Mirror,' which he subsequently edited, described him as 'a wholesale dealer in Mr. Liston's quality,' and predicted that the public would not get used to Mr. Oxberry's face, for, though he displayed some knowledge of the art of a player, it was not sufficient' to render him a desirable acquisition to the London boards' (new ser., ii. 360). On 14 Nov. he played Lord Duberly, alias Daniel Dowlas, in the Heir at Law,' a part he substituted for that of Zekiel Homespun. After this he disappears from the bills. At the close of the season he was released from his engagement, and went to Glasgow, where he made a success as Sir David Daw in the 'Wheel of Fortune.' His benefit brought him 701. Os. 1d., and the name of Sir David clung to him in Scotland. In Aberdeen he accepted, with some reluctance, the character of Michael Ducas in 'Adalgitha,' with the result that he was accepted as a tragedian, and played Glenalvon, Macbeth, Shylock, and Richard. After returning to Glasgow he accepted from Raymond an engagement in London at the Lyceum, then confined to operatic performances, and known as the English Opera House, and appeared in a piece by Henry Siddons, called 'The Russian Impostor,' in which he made a success. He was then engaged for the Lyceum by Arnold, at a salary rising from 77. to 91. An engage ment at Drury Lane followed, and he played for the first time with the burnt-out company at the Lyceum, 25 Sept. 1809, as the Lay Brother in the 'Duenna.' He was, 20 Nov., the original Cuffee, a black servant, in 'Not at Home,' by R. C. Dallas; and played, 24 Feb. 1810, John Lump in the 'Review. The following season he was the original Laglast in Allingham's Transformation, or Love and Law;' Daniel, a country fellow, in Masters's 'Lost and Found;' Fabian in Dimond's Peasant Boy;' Zedekiah in Arnold's Americans;' and Timothy Scamp in Leigh's Where to find a Friend; and in 1811-12, Sir Charles Canvas in Moore's M.P., or the Blue-Stocking;' Dick in Right or Wrong;' Gregory in Kenney's Turn out!'; Abrahamides in 'Quadruped,' an alteration of the 'Tailors;' and Petro in Arnold's 'Devil's Bridge.' After the opening of the new Drury Lane theatre his name is not traceable until the close of the season, when he played, for Miss Kelly's benefit, Lord Listless in Rich and Poor, and Gregory in an act of 'Killing no Murder.' At Drury Lane he remained until the close of the season of 1819-20, playing parts such as John Grouse in the School for Prejudice; Graccho in Massinger's 'Duke of Milan;' Master Stephen in Jonson's

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'Every Man in his Humour;' Moses in the 'School for Scandal;' Don Ferolo in the 'Critic;' Slender in the Merry Wives of Windsor;' Dominique in 'Deaf and Dumb;' Simon Pure in 'A Bold Stroke for a Wife;' Bullock in the Recruiting Officer;' and Job Thornberry in John Bull.' He'created' many original parts in plays, dramatic or musical, by Arnold, Dibdin, Kenney, Soane, and others. Among the most noteworthy were Sapling in 'First Impressions,' by Horace Smith; Isaac in the Maid and the Magpie;' Friar Francis in Flodden Field,' an adaptation of Scott's 'Marmion;' Humphrey Gull in Soane's 'Dwarf of Naples;' Jonathan Curry in Moncrieff's Wanted a Wife;' Dominie Samson in 'Guy Mannering;' and Friar Tuck in the 'Hebrew,' Soane's adaptation of the 'Talisman.' Upon Elliston reducing the salaries at Drury Lane, he refused an offer of 127. a week, and starred' at the minor theatres, the Surrey, the East London, and Sadler's Wells.

Oxberry was for a long time manager of the Olympic, but the experiment collapsed. In December 1821 he took the Craven's Head chophouse at Drury Lane, a house of literary and theatrical resort. Oxberry told his guests, 'We vocalise on a Friday, conversationise on a Sunday, and chopise every day.' Here he died 9 June 1824, of an apoplectic fit, due in part to free living; according to another account, of delirium tremens. His remains are in a vault in St. Clement Danes Church, Strand.

Oxberry was a useful comic actor, second only to John Emery [q. v.] in Tyke, John Lump, Robin Roughhead, &c. His Slender, Sir David Daw, and Petro are held to have been unsurpassed. His brogue was not very effective, and in many parts he failed to rise above mediocrity.

Oxberry was author of: 1. 'The Theatrical Banquet, or the Actor's Budget,' 1809, 2 vols. 18mo. 2. The Encyclopedia of Anecdote,' 1812, 18mo. 3. 'The History of Pugilism, and Memoirs of Persons who have distinguished themselves in that Science,' 1814, 12mo. 4. 'The Flowers of Literature,' 2nd edit., London, 1824, 4 vols., 12mo. 5.'Oxberry's Anecdotes of the Stage,' London, 1827, 12mo. He also edited 'The New English Drama,' consisting of 113 plays, with prefatory remarks, &c., 22 vols. 1818-24; and wrote 'The Actress of All Work,' played in Bath on 8 May 1819, in which Mrs. Elizabeth Rebecca Edwin (q. v.] assumed half a dozen different characters; converted He would be a Soldier' of Pilon into 'The High Road to Success,' and produced it at the Olympic, pre

Clerks, 'The Conscript,' 'The Female Volunteer,' The Ourang Outang,' 'The Truand Chief,'The First of September,' 'The Idiot of Heidelberg,' 'The Lion King,' 'The Scapegrace of Paris,' and very many burlesques. He claimed to have left behind thirty unacted plays, which he trusted would be given after his death for the benefit of his widow and three children, otherwise unprovided for. Up to his death he was, with Charles Mathews and Mme. Vestris, playing in A Game of Speculation' and the Prince of Happy Land.' His death, through lung disease, augmented by somewhat festive habits, took place on 29 Feb. 1852. By a curious and painful will, printed in the Era' for 21 March 1852, and written four days before he died, he left such property as he possessed to Charles Melville, a tragic actor better known in the country than in London, in trust for his children. He expressed many wishes concerning his funeral which were not observed; asked that his heart might be preserved in some medical museum as a specimen of a broken one, hoped that a benefit might be given him to pay his debts, which were moderate; and left messages of farewell to many well-known actors. Oxberry is responsible for Oxberry's Weekly Budget of Plays,' fol. 1843-4, consisting of thirty-nine plays edited by him; and Oxberry's Dramatic Chronology;' 8vo [1850]. This work, which is of little value or authority, was announced to be continued annually. A portrait as Peter White in 'Mrs. White' accompanies a memoir in the 'Theatrical Times' for 20 Feb. 1847 (ii. 49).

OXBURGH, HENRY (d.1716), Jacobite, was a member of a Roman catholic family of Irish origin. He was born in Ireland, and served for a short period in James II's army, being a captain in the regiment of his kinsman, Sir Heward Oxburgh of Bovin, King's County; but he migrated to France in 1696, and took service under Louis XIV. He returned to England about 1700, and purchased an estate in Lancashire. Retaining strong Stuart predilections, he was unwilling to forego the hopes with which the aspect of affairs during the last years of Anne's reign had inspired the Jacobite party. In the spring of 1715 it was understood that he was to hold a command in the English contingent of Mar's Jacobite army. Early in October the Jacobite general in England, the incompetent Thomas Forster [q. v.], granted him a colonel's com

mission in the name of the Pretender. After joining the Scottish contingent at Rothbury on 19 Oct., and dispersing, without bloodshed or violence, the posse comitatus which had mustered, some twenty thousand strong, under the Earl of Carlisle, the small Jacobite force under Forster and Derwentwater [see RATCLIFFE, JAMES, third EARL, 1686-1716] occupied the small town of Penrith. Thence a party was detached under Oxburgh to Lowther Hall to search for arms, and, if possible, to seize Viscount Lonsdale. The latter had discreetly left the mansion in the care of two aged women. Neither there nor at Hornby Castle, the seat of the notorious Colonel Francis Charteris [q. v.], whither Oxburgh conducted a foraging party on 9 Nov., were any depredations committed. An inferior British force under General Wills, subsequently reinforced by General Carpenter, was encountered at Preston, and Forster promptly surrendered all notion of further resistance. On 13 Nov. he sent Oxburgh to negotiate the capitulation of the town. Oxburgh proposed that the insurgents should lay down their arms as prisoners of war, but he found Wills by no means inclined to treat. He would not enter upon terms with rebels. After entreaty, Wills only relented so far as to promise that if the rebels would lay down their arms to surrender at discretion, he would protect them from being cut to pieces until he received further orders from the government. This sturdy officer had only one thousand men under his command; nevertheless the rebels, numbering 462 English and 1088 Scots, were finally induced by Forster to accept these terms, and in the course of the day laid down their arms. Colonel Oxburgh was conveyed, with the other Jacobite officers, to London, and committed to the Marshalsea prison. He was arraigned on 7 May 1716, and, after a purely formal defence, he was found guilty and sentenced to death. He was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn on Monday, 14 May 1716. The fact of his head being displayed upon one of the spikes on the top of Temple Bar provoked much indignation among the tories, and caused a certain amount of reaction in the popular feeling towards the remaining Jacobite prisoners. In the document which he left in the hands of the sheriff at the time of his execution, Oxburgh stated: I might have hoped from the great character Mr. Wills gave me at Preston (when I treated with him for a surrender) of the clemency of the Prince now on the throne (to which, he said, we could not better entitle ourselves than by an early submission) that such as surrendered themselves Prisoners at Dis

cretion, on that Prospect, would have met with more lenity than I have experienced, and I believe England is the only country in Europe where Prisoners at Discretion are not understood to have their Lives saved.'

Patten described Oxburgh as 'of a good, mild, and merciful disposition, very thoughtful, and a mighty zealous man in his conversation, and more of the priest in his appearance than the soldier.' A rough portrait was engraved to adorn his dying speech, and this has been reproduced for Caulfield's 'Portraits of Remarkable Persons' (ii. 138-41).

Mahon's Hist. of England, i. 254; Burton's Hist. of Scotland, viii. 311; Patten's Hist. of the Late Rebellion, 1717, p. 115, &c.; HibbertWare's State of Parties in Lancashire in 1715, passim; D'Alton's King James's Irish Army List, p. 851; Historical Register, 1716, pp. 222-3; Cobbett's State Trials; Doran's Jacobite London, i. 214; Lives of Twelve Bad Men, ed. Seccombe, pp. 123-7; Noble's Continuation of Granger, iii. 461; A True Copy of a Paper delivered to the Sheriffs of London by Colonel Oxburgh, 1716, fol.]

T. S. OXENBRIDGE, JOHN (1608–1674), puritan divine, born at Daventry, Northamptonshire, on 30 Jan. 1608, was eldest son of Daniel Oxenbridge, M.D. of Christ Church, Oxford, and a practitioner at Daventry, and afterwards in London. His mother was Katherine, daughter of Thomas Harby, by Katherine, daughter of Clement Throgmorton of Hasley, third son of Sir George Throgmorton of Loughton. Wood confuses him with another John Oxenbridge, a commoner of Lincoln College, Oxford, in 1623, anno ætatis 18. He was, in fact, admitted a pensioner of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, on 8 April 1626, and matriculated in July of the same year. Migrating afterwards to Oxford, he entered Magdalen Hall, proceeded B.A. on 13 Nov. 1628, and commenced M.A. on 18 June 1631 (WOOD, Fasti Oxon. i. 438, 460). He became a tutor of Magdalen Hall; and in order to promote the better government of the society, he drew up a document which he persuaded his scholars to subscribe. He thus exhibited a contempt for the college statutes which led to his deprivation of office on 27 May 1634. Laud was chancellor of the university, and his sentence on Oxenbridge is printed in Wharton's Remains of Laud,'ii. 70. It recites that, both by the testimony of witnesses upon oath and by his own confession, the tutor had 'been found guilty of a strange, singular, and superstitious way of dealing with his scholars, by persuading and causing some of them to subscribe as votaries to several articles framed by himself (as he pretends)

for their better government; as if the statutes of the place he lives in, and the authorities of the present governors, were not sufficient.' The vice-chancellor, Brian Duppa [q. v.], was thereupon informed that Oxenbridge should no longer be trusted with the tuition of any scholars, or suffered to read to them publicly or privately, or to receive any stipend or salary in that behalf.' Oxenbridge left the hall, and subsequently married his first wife, Jane, daughter of Thomas Butler, merchant, of Newcastle, by Elizabeth Clavering of Callaley, aunt to Sir John Clavering of Axwell. For some time he preached in England, showing himself to be 'very schismatical,' and then he and his wife, who had an infirm body, but was strong in faith,' took two voyages to the Bermudas, where he exercised the ministry. In 1641, during the Long parliament, he returned to England, and preached 'very enthusiastically in his travels to and fro.' London, Winchester, and Bristol are enumerated in the list of towns which he visited. A manuscript memoir quaintly remarks that he and his wife ‘tumbled about the world in unsettled times.' In January 1643-4 he was residing at Great Yarmouth, where he was permitted by the corporation to preach every Sunday morning before the ordinary time of service, provided he made his exercise' by half-past eight o'clock in the morning. He thus preached for months without fee or reward; but at his departure the corporation presented him with 157. His next call was to Beverley, to fill the perpetual curacy of the minster, in the patronage of the corporation. His name occurs in the list compiled by Oliver under the date of 1646 (OLIVER, Beverley, p. 368). Two years afterwards he was nominated by the committee of plundered ministers as joint preacher with one Wilson at St. Mary's, Beverley (POULSON, Beverlac, p. 368). Wood, in a venomous article, states that while Oxenbridge was in the pulpit his dear wife preached in the house among her gossips and others;' and the manuscript memoir remarks that her husband, 'a grave divine and of great ministerial skill... loved commonly to have her opinion upon a text before he preached it... she being a scholar beyond what is usual in her sex, and of a masculine judgment in the profound points of theology.

From Beverley Oxenbridge went to Berwick-upon-Tweed, where a week-day lectureship in the gift of the Mercers' Company, London, had been founded by one Fishborne in 1625, and a new church, commenced in 1648, was finished in 1652 by the exertions of Colonel George Fenwick, the governor