517, 563, 591, 599 Mermnad kings of Lydia, Messênê, 583; founded by Epameinondas, 587 Messenian wars, 33 Messenians, 19, 28; brought back to Pylos, 353; restored to their country by Epameinondas, 587 Metoikoi, at Athens, 88 Michael Palaiologos, 665 Miletos, 143; revolts from Athens, 417 Miltiades, 90, 131, 144; at Marathon, 150; at Paros, 157 Mindaros, 445; at the Hellespont, 446; Mnasippos, 576 Mnesiphilos, 198 Mohammed II., 666 Monarchy, ancient and modern ideas of, 41 Morosini, campaigns of, in Greece, 667 Mortgages, alleged, in Attica, 77 Mothakes, 550 Mounychia, 234 Mourychides, 214 Mourzoufle [Alexios Doukas] Murad II. 666 Mutilation of the human body, 22 Mykalê, battle of, 229 Navarino, battle of, 669 Naxos, 150, 247 Nebucadnezzar, 99 Necessity, doctrine of, 109 Nektanebis, 599 Neodamodes, 551 Neon, 517 Nepheres, 556 Nikias, takes Minoa, 310; refuses to go to Pylos, 322; occupies Kythera, 327; recovers Mendê, 340; peace of, 345; appointed to command in Sicily, 364; undesignedly increases the scale of the enterprise, 366; successfully lands the Athenian army at Syracuse, 375; wins a battle which has no results, 376; incapacity of, 379; asks for reinforcements, 381; occupies Epipolai, 382; lets slip the opportunity furnished by the capture of the first and second Syracusan counterworks, 384; allows Gylippos to enter Syracuse, 387; fortifies Plemmyrion, 387; defeats Gylippos, 388; writes to the Athenians, 389; wins a naval victory and loses Plemmyrion, 390; refuses to retreat, 396; surrenders to Gylippos, 407; put to death, 409 Nikolaos, 286 Nikomedes, 251 Nikostratos, at Korkyra, 307; at Mende. 340 Nile, valley of the, 116 Nisaia, 452 Nomothetai, 612 Nymphodoros, 279 Phenicia, 120 PHE Phenician fleet at Aspendos, 445 Phenicians, 120; at Salamis, 200 Philip, son of Amyntas and father of Alexander the Great, 589; becomes king, 600 early training of, 601; takes Amphipolis, 604; gives Potidiaia to the Olynthians, 605; defeats the Phokians, 606; takes Pherai, 606; false report of the death of, 607; at Thermopylai, 619; declares himself the friend of Thebes, 620; fortifies Elateia, 625; victorious at Chaironeia, 627; takes Thebes, 628; acknowledged supreme chief of the Hellenes, 629 assassinated at Aigai, 631 Philip III. defeated at Kynoskephalai, 660 Philippos, 572 Philiskos, 590 Philokles, 466, 479 Philokrates, peace of, 649 Philomelos, 605 Philopoimen, 660 Philosophy, Greek, 55 Philosophers, Greek, influence of, 56 Philotas, 633, 634; murdered, 639 Phoibidas, 569, 575 Phoibos, 13 Phokaia, 111 Phokians, at Anopaia, 185, 190; fined by the Amphiktyons, 605 Phokion, 603; general policy of, 604, 655; put to death, 656 Phokis, 25; devastation of, by the Thebans, 620 Phormion, 266, 288; defeats the Corinthians, 290; second victory of, in the Corinthian gulf, 292 Phraortes, 99 Phratriai, 11 Phrynichos, the tragic poet, 144 -the general, 420; protests against the plans of Alkibiades, 427; joins the oligarchic conspiracy, 430; murder of, 440 Phyê, 84 Phylakos, 195 Phylê, 492 Phylo-basileis, 74 Physical science, growth of, 51 Pindar, 633 Plague at Athens, 282; in the Athenian camp before Potidaia, 283 Plataiai, 26; alliance of, with Athens, 92; the confederates at, 218; battle of, 228; surprised by the Thebans, 274; destruction of, 304; restoration of, 566; again scized by the Thebans, 576 RHI Rhiga of Velestinos, 668 Roman interference in Greece, 660 Roum, Turkish sultans of, 665 SACRED Band of Thebes, 574 Sacred Wars, 605, 620, 623 Saguntuni, 57 Salamis, battle of, 201; raid of Brasidas and Knemos on, 292 Samians rise up in favour of Athens, 418; subdued by Lysandros, 494 Samos revolts from Athens, 259; declares in favour of Athens, 418; attempted oligarchic revolution in the Athenian army at, 435; recovered to the Athenian alliance, 591 Sandanis, 104 Sardeis, siege and capture of, by Cyrus, 108, 110; burning of, 139 Scio [Chios] Scythians, 99 Seisachtheia, 77, 79 Selenkos, 031, 057 Selinous, quarrel between and Egesta, 363 Seljukian Turks, 662 Sellasia, battle of, 660 Senate [Boule, Probouleutic Council] Seuthes, 294, 515 Seven Persians, the, 123 Sicily, Greek colonisation in, 57 Sikanos, 377 Sikinnos, 199 Sinope, 57; the Ten Thousand at, 515 Six generals, murder of the, at Athens, 473 Skiûnê revolts from Athens, 338 Skironides, 420 Skirphondas, 411 Skylax, 137 Skyllias, 191 Slavery, 410, 486, 388 Slaves, 9 note Slavonian inroads, 665 Smerdis, 121 Society, Aryan, 6 Sokrates, at Delion, 350; at the trial of the generals, 471; and the Thirty, 46; accusation of, 520; and the Daimonion, 522; and the Elenchos, 513; and the Delphian oracle, 523; and the comic Spartans summon Hippias to a congress of their allies, 94; intreat the Athenians to stand firm against Mardonios, 213; make a secret treaty with the Thasians, 248; promise the Potidaians to invade Attica, 266; make overtures to the Persian king, 275; make a truce for one year with the Athenians, 338; ratify the peace of Nikias, 346; excluded from the Olympic games, 357; alliance between, and the Argives, 356; send Gylippos to Syracuse, 380; fortify Dekeleia, 390; make a treaty with the Persians, 417; make a second treaty with them, 422; order the murder of Alkibindes, 425; inforce the peace of Antalkidas, 564; restore Plataiai, 566; break up the city of Mantincia, 566; declare war against the Thebans, 578; appeal to Athens for aid against Epameinondas, 586 Spartoi, 574 Sperthias, 286 Sphodrias, 573, 583 Spintharos, 86 Stageiros, 335, 342 Stagês, 417 State, slow growth of the, 11 Stateira, 643 Stephanos, 614 Stesilaos, 153 Sthenelaidas, 269 Stilbides, 398 Stilichon, 661 Egesta, embassy from, to Athens, 363 Egypt, 116; invaded by Kambyses, 118 Egyptian astronomy, 53 Egyptians, 117 Eion, 207, 234, 336 Eironeia, 350 Eisphora, 80 Ekbatana [Agbatana] Ekklesia, 87, 256 Eleatic philosophers, 521 Eleians, 541, 592 Elenchos of Sokrates, 523, 54 Endios, 351 Ennea Hodoi [Amphipolis] Epameinondas, 522; in the Congress at Sparta, 578; victorious at Leuktra, 580; invades Lakonia, 586; founds Megalopolis, restores the Messenians, and establishes the city of Messênê, 587; again invades Lakonia, 593; fails to surprise Sparta and Mantineia, 594; falls in the moment of victory, 596 Epeirotai, 62 Ephetai, 74 Ephialtes the Malian, 184 the Athenian, 255; murdered, 257 Ephors, 30, 42 Epidamnos, 62, 261, 660, 665 Epigonoi, 643 Epipolai, 377, 382 Epitadas, 317 Epiteles, 33, 588 Epyaxa, 501 Erasinides, 388, 458, 464; murdered, 473 Eretria, 150 Erythrai, 413 Eteonikos, 461, 462, 475, 516 Ethiopians, 120 Ethnological traditions, untrustworthiness of Greek, 24 Euagoras, 478, 554 Euboia revolts from Athens, and is recon quered by Perikles, 254; asks help of Agis in a second revolt, 413; revolts again, 442, 613 Euboulos, 617 Eudamidas, 568 Eudoxos of Knidos, 52 Eukleides, archbishop of, 496 the Phliasian, 518 Gobryas, 122 Gomates, 122 Gongylos of Eretria, 235, 519 the Corinthian, 387, 388 Gordian Knot, 635 Gorgias, 361 Gorgopas, 564 Gorgo, 138 Gorgoleon, 575 Gothic invasions, 660 Græcia Magna [Megalê Hellas] Graikoi, 26 |