Nikias, takes Minoa, 310; refuses to go to
Pylos, 322; occupies Kythera, 327; re-
covers Mendê, 340; peace of, 345; ap-
pointed to command in Sicily, 364; un-
designedly increases the scale of the en-
terprise, 366; successfully lands the
Athenian army at Syracuse, 375; wins
a battle which has no results, 376; in-
capacity of, 379; asks for reinforce-
ments, 381; occupies Epipolai, 382; lets
slip the opportunity furnished by the
capture of the first and second Syracusan
counterworks, 384; allows Gylippos to
enter Syracuse, 387; fortifies Plemmy-
rion, 387; defeats Gylippos, 388; writes
to the Athenians, 389; wins a naval
victory and loses Plemmyrion. 390; re-
fuses to retreat, 396; surrenders to GF-
lippos, 407; put to death, 409
Nikolaos, 286
Nikomedes, 251
Nikostratos, at Korkyra, 307; at Mende.
340
Nile, valley of the, 116
Nine Roads [Amphipolis]
Nineveh, 99, 100
Nisaia, 452
Nomothetai, 612
Nymphodoros, 279
Phenician fleet at Aspendos, 445
Phenicians, 120; at Salamis, 200
Philip, son of Amyntas and father of Alex-
ander the Great, 589; becomes king,
600 early training of, 601; takes Am-
phipolis, 604; gives Potidiaia to the Olyn-
thians, 605; defeats the Phokians, 606;
takes Pherai, 606; false report of the
death of, 607; at Thermopylai, 619; de-
clares himself the friend of Thebes, 620;
fortifies Elateia, 625; victorious at Chai-
roneia, 627; takes Thebes, 628; acknow-
ledged supreme chief of the Hellenes,
629 assassinated at Aigai, 631
Philip III. defeated at Kynoskephalai, 660
poets, 532; with Kritias and Alkibiades,
535; and the sophists, 536; trial and
defence of, 536 et seq.; death of, 544;
positive and negative teaching of, 545
Sokrates, the Achaian, 500, 506
Solon, 75 et seq.; travels of, 81; and Kroi-
sos, 82; character of the constitution of,
Solygeia, 326
Sophainetos, 500
Sophists, 526
Sophokles, son of Sostratides, 362
the poet, 260
Sophroniskos, 520
Sosikles, 95
Sostratos, 622
Sparta, 28; constitution and early history
of, 30; predominance of, in Hellas, 94 ;
influx of money into, 550
Spartan empire, character of the, 487, 547,
Spartans summon Hippias to a congress
of their allies, 94; intreat the Athenians
to stand firm against Mardonios, 213;
make a secret treaty with the Thasians,
248; promise the Potidaians to invade
Attica, 266; make overtures to the
Persian king, 275; make a truce for one
year with the Athenians, 338; ratify the
peace of Nikias, 346; excluded from the
Olympic games, 357; alliance between,
and the Argives, 356; send Gylippos to
Syracuse, 380; fortify Dekeleia, 390;
make a treaty with the Persians, 417;
make a second treaty with them, 422;
order the murder of Alkibiades, 425;
inforce the peace of Antalkidas, 564;
restore Plataiai, 566; break up the city
of Mantineia, 566; declare war against
the Thebans, 578; appeal to Athens for
aid against Epaminondas, 586
Spartoi, 574
Sperthias, 286
Sphakteria, 316
Sphodrias, 573, 583
Stageiros, 335, 342
Stages, 417
State, slow growth of the, 11
Stateira, 643
Stephanos, 614
Stesilaos, 153
Stilbides, 398
Stilichon, 661
Strategoi, 90, 256
Strombichides, 417, 421
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