(152 males, 171 females) in 1871, living in 70 houses, on 1943 acres of land. Richard Crocker, Esq., is lord of the manor of Throwleigh, but part of the parish belongs to James Crocker, Esq., William Dunning, Esq., the Rev. John Ingle, John Aysh, Esq., James Dunning, Esq. (of Wonston), Richard Dunning, Esq., and J. Dunning, Esq. The manor belonged at an early period to the Ferrers, and then after passing to many other families it was dismembered. The CHURCH (St. Mary) is a stone structure, consisting of nave, chancel, north aisle, and tower containing five bells. The chancel was restored in 1858-9, when the body of the church was repaired and two windows filled with stained glass, and other improvements effected at a cost of £580, of which £490 was provided by the rector. The tower is well-proportioned; there is a very handsome priests' door to the chancel, and the roof of the chancel is very handsome. The Register dates from 1653. The living is a rectory, valued in K.B. at £19 68. 104d., and now at £212, in the patronage of the Lord Chancellor, and incumbency of the Rev. S. H. Archer. The glebe is 49A. 3P., and the tithes were commuted in 1840 for £178 per annum. At PROVIDENCE PLACE, on the south side of the parish, is a small chapel belonging to the BIBLE CHRISTIANS, built in 1839, at the cost of about £140, and having a small burial ground. A Schoolroom was added in 1869 at a cost of about £40. A SCHOOL BOARD for the united district of Gidleigh and Throwleigh was formed on January 11, 1875, and now consists of the Rev. S. H. Archer (chairman), and Messrs. John Endacott (vice-chairman), - Underhill, - Crocker, and W. Dunning. Mr. George Honey, of South Tawton, is clerk. The school for the united district is situated near Wonston, and was built, at a cost of £650, to accommodate 84 scholars. A house and garden have been vested from an early period for the use of the church, and are let for about £5 10s. per annum. The churchwardens have also two annuities of 5s. each, left by John Dunning and an unknown donor. The latter also left 5s. a year for the poor. POST OFFICE at Mrs. Elizabeth Powlesland's. Letters by foot post are received at 10.40 a.m., and despatched at 3.35 p.m. via Okehampton, which is the nearest Money Order Office and Railway Station. THURLESTONE, a parish and village on rising ground, near the beach of Bigbury Bay, 4 miles W.S.W. of Kingsbridge, is in Kingsbridge union and county court district, Stanborough and Coleridge petty sessional division, Kingsbridge polling district of South Devon, Totnes archdeaconry, Woodleigh rural deanery, and Stanborough hundred. The parish, which includes the villages of Buckland and Bantham, and the hamlet of Annemouth (or Onemouth), had 381 inhabitants (186 males, 195 females) in 1871, living in 91 houses; the area is 1898 acres, of which 135 acres are water. Annemouth is perhaps a strange corruption of Avonmouth. Bantham is a small fishing village, with fine hard sands, and a salmon pool and harbour for barges. The trustees of the late Mr. W. Brunskill hold the manor, but part of the parish belongs to several smaller freeholders. The river Avon bounds the parish on the north, and the Bay on the west. On the coast is a remarkable arched rock, which has for centuries braved the foaming surge: hence the proverb, 'Brave every shock, Like Thurlestone Rock.' It is of the red conglomerate formation, or red sandstone. The CHURCH is an ancient Early Decorated structure, consisting of chancel, nave, side aisle, and tower. The tower, greatly dilapidated, was restored in the incumbency of the present rector-about 36 years ago-when one bell was also renewed. The tenor is considered one of the best, if not the best, in the county. The chancel was restored about ten years ago at the expense of the present rector, and the remainder of the church shortly after by subscription. The pulpit is finely carved, and partly composed of elegant panels taken from the screen. The rectory, valued in K.B. at £25 10s., and in 1831 at £383, is in the patronage of Lord Churston, and incumbency of the Rev. P. A. Ilbert, M.A., who has 35 acres of glebe, and a large and handsome residence, erected by himself. LETTERS are received by foot messenger at 9 a.m. viâ Kingsbridge, which is the nearest Money Order Office. There is a WALL LETTER Box, cleared at 4.15 p.m. (week days only). Adams Henry, farmer, North Upton; | Crimp George, farmer, Buckland park | Ilbert Rev Peregrine Arthur, M.A. and Annemouth; h North Upton Bellingham William, chiefofficer, Coast Guard Station, Bantham Elliott Joseph, mason, W. Buckland Chubb Stephen, brewer and victualler, Clarke Mrs Mary, shopkeepr. Bantham Cole Stephen, farmer, East Buckland Foale John, miller, East Buckland rector Jarvis Miss Alice, dressmaker, Lower Moore Geo. carpenter, West Buckland | Perraton Richard, frmr. Reynolds pk.; Prettejohn Mr Nicholas, Annemouth | Snowden Miss Jane, dressmaker mistress Scoble Henry, crpntr. West Buckland & (h) Osborn Newton, Churchstow Pound Robert, farmer, West Buckland Pound Samuel, jobbing gardener, Rose cottage, West Buckland Pound William, shopkeeper Prettejohn Mrs Mary Grace, farmer, Sherriff Richard, frmr. West Buckland Annemouth Snowden Henry, carpenter White Edmund & George (W. Bros.); h Whitley CARRIER-James Sherriff, to Kingsbridge Wednesday & Saturday THURSHELTON, or Thrushelton, a scattered parish, 10 miles S.W. by W. of Okehampton, is in Tavistock union, rural deanery, and county court district, Lifton petty sessional division and hundred, Lew Down polling district of South Devon, and Totnes archdeaconry. It had 448 inhabitants (244 males, 204 females) in 1871, living in 96 houses; the area is 3714 acres, generally having a fertile soil, resting on clay, limestone, and manganese. John Tremayne, Esq., M.P., is lord of the manor of Canonbarn; and he and T. G. Newton, Esq., are the principal owners of the soil. The CHURCH (St. George) is a plain Perpendicular structure, consisting of nave, with south aisle, chancel with aisle, south porch, and an embattled tower at the west end. There is a piscina in the south wall of the chancel, and another in the chancel aisle. The church is seated to hold 150 people. The living is a curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Mary Stowe, in the gift of John Tremayne, Esq., the impropriator of the tithes, which were commuted in 1839-the rectorial for £130, the vicarial for £109 a year. The Rev. H. B. Grylls is the vicar. The WESLEYANS have a chapel here. The parishes of Lew Trenchard and Thrushelton are united as a School district, and there is a joint School at Lew Cross. LETTERS by foot post, via Lew Down; but Lifton is the nearest Money Order Office. Coryton and Bridestow are the nearest Railway Stations. Abell Thomas, farmer, Wonnacott Alford James, mason, Little Huddispit Grylls Rev Henry Borlase, vicar; h | Perry William Soper, farmer, East Marystowe Hamley Mrs Mary, fmr. Higher mills Perry William, farmer, Canonbarn Roberts Saml. shoemkr. Trebeck moor Yelland Benjamin, farmer, Buscott TIVERTON, an ancient borough and market town on the Tiverton branch of the Bristol and Exeter Railway, was formerly a principal seat of the woollen manufacture, and is now noted for its extensive lace manufactory, and its numerous charities. It is pleasantly situated on the sloping banks at the confluence of the river Exe and the Loman rivulet, 13 miles N. by E. of Exeter, 62 miles S.W. of Bristol, and 165 miles W. by S. of London, by road, or 184 by rail. It gives name to a poor law union, county court district, a polling district, a hundred, and two rural deaneries, and is in Cullompton petty sessional division, Exeter archdeaconry, and Tiverton West rural deanery. The PARISH OF TIVERTON is co-extensive with the borough, and comprises 17,491 acres of fertile land, picturesquely undulated, and forming an irregularly shaped district, extending in two directions five miles, and in others one to three miles from the town. Its total population amounted to 6505 in 1801, 6732 in 1811, 8651 in 1821, 9766 in 1831, 10,040 in 1841, 11,144 in 1851, 10,447 in 1861, 10,024 (4508 males, 5516 females) in 1871, of whom 7552 were in the town, and the others in the four quarters of the parish; 503 in Clare; 813 in Pitt; 566 in Pryor's; and 590 in Tidcombe. These quarters contain several hamlets, and many scattered farm-houses, neat villas, &c. In Pitt Quarter, which extends four miles north, are the small villages of Chettiscombe, Bolham, and Cove. In Tidcombe Quarter are the hamlets of Chevithorne, West and East Mere, Craze-Loman, and Manley, extending two miles east and south-east. In Clare Quarter are Palmer's and Withleigh villages, and many scattered houses, extending two miles westward. In Pryor Quarter is the hamlet Ashley, the seats of Ashley Court, Ashley House, and Collipriest House, and many scattered houses extending two miles south of the town. The branch railway, on which the town is situated, extends 55 miles eastward to the Bristol and Exeter line, and was opened in June 1848. The Grand Western Canal extends north-eastward from this town to Taunton, where it joins the navigation to Bridgewater and the Bristol Channel. This canal is 23 miles in length, and is used chiefly for supplying the neighbouring districts with lime, coal, corn, manure, &c., and is worked on friendly terms with the railway. It is the only portion ever completed of that extensive scheme the Grand Western Canal, for which an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1796, and which was intended to have proceeded southward to Topsham, and thus to have opened a direct inland navigation from the English to the Bristol Channel. The situation of this ancient town, on the southern declivity between the Exe and the Loman, over which it had two fords, gave it the name of Twyford, or Two-fordtown, which has since been corrupted to Tiverton. The MANOR OF TIVERTON, which had been part of the royal demesne, was given by Henry I. to the Earl of Devon, who is supposed to have built the Castle here about the year 1100. Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon, who died in 1419, was a distinguished admiral, and made Tiverton Castle his chief place of residence. After the battle of Tewkesbury, in which the Earl of Devon was slain, in the cause of Henry VI., this manor was seized by the Crown, but was restored to the succeeding Earl of Devon in 1485. Catherine, widow of William Earl of Devon, and daughter of Edward IV., died at Tiverton Castle in 1517, and a handsome monument was erected to her memory; but this and the other monuments of the Courtenay family, with the chapel which contained them, were destroyed in the civil wars. Edward VI. gave the manor of Tiverton to the Duke of Somerset, and in 1556 it passed to the heirs of the four sisters of Edward, Earl of Devon. Their several shares were afterwards sold to various purchasers. The CASTLE was purchased by Roger Gifford, Esq., and in 1605 was sold to John West, Esq. In 1728 the Castle and six-eighths of the manor and hundred of Tiverton, passed with a co-heiress of the Wests to the Carews, and they now belong, with another eighth of the manor, to the Misses Carew, but a great part of the parish is freehold, belonging to Sir J. H. Heathcoat-Amory, Bart, M.P., of Knightshayes Court, and many smaller proprietors. The CASTLE, which stands on the hill north of the town, was dismantled after the civil wars; but the habitable part of it was afterwards formed into a mansion, for the residence of the Wests, and was occupied by the late Lady Carew. It is now occupied by two families, and near it are some remains of the towers and gateways of the ancient fortress. Tiverton was known by the name of Twyford as early as 872. Nearly three centuries ago it had become a principal seat of the woollen manufacture; but it afterwards lost much of its trade, in consequence of repeated calamities by fire, in one of which, in 1612, no less than 600 houses were destroyed. In another fire which occurred on April 3, 1598; many men and women were burnt, besides 600 houses, 300 pairs of looms, and, it being market day, much corn, apples, butter and cheese, and market horses were consumed. In 1625 a flood destroyed 53 houses, and the town suffered severely from a great storm in 1703. The last calamitous visitations by fire were in 1731, when 298 houses were destroyed, and in 1785 and 1788, when 67 were burnt to the ground. The chief cause of these fires appears to have been the prevalence of strawthatched roofs. In 1731, after the great fire of that year, an Act was obtained for the substitution of slated and leaded roofs, and for the rebuilding of the town, and determining differences touching the houses destroyed by the late fire, and for the better prevention of such calamities in future. Acts for paving, lighting, and otherwise improving the town, were obtained in the 34th of George III., and the 4th of George IV. Under the Act of 1731, the streets were widened, and the new houses regularly built. The town has now four principal streets, and is about a mile in length and breadth. The central part of it is between the Exe and the Lowman, on the slope of the hill, which rises gently to the north from the angle formed by their confluence. Both streams are crossed by stone bridges, and that over the Exe has a considerable endowment for its support, as afterwards noticed. A stream called the Town Leat, which rises about five miles above the town, and still supplies the inhabitants with water, was given by Isabel, Countess of Devon, about 1262, and was so contrived as to run through the principal streets. Tiverton is now one of the cleanest and best built towns of its size in the West, and its inhabitants have long been characterised for social intercourse: assemblies and concerts are often held, and many friendly societies, clubs, &c., have been formed for mutual benefit. During the commotion occasioned by the introduction of the Book of Common Prayer, and the enclosure of the monastic lands in 1549, a battle was fought at Cranmore, near Collipriest, between the insurgents and the King's army; the former were soon dispersed, and several of them hanged and quartered. (See page 324.) In 1643 the Royalists drove the Parliamentarians from Tiverton. The Earl of Essex and King Charles I. were here with the army in 1644. In October 1645 Sir Gilbert Talbot was governor of Tiverton, but General Massey marched thither from Cullompton, and took possession of the town. Sir Thomas Fairfax joined the latter on the 18th, and on the following day the church, castle, and outworks were taken by storm, and Sir Gilbert Talbot, several officers, and 200 privates were taken prisoners. In December Sir Thomas Fairfax made Tiverton the head-quarters of his army. The manufacture of serges, druggets, drapeens, and other woollen goods at Tiverton, began to decline about the year 1740, though in 1790 there were in the town and vicinity 1000 looms and 200 wool combers; but none are now left. In 1815 a large wcollen mill, which had been built in 1790, was purchased by Messrs. Heathcoat and Co., who, by extensive additions, converted it into an immense lace manufactory, which now employs about 1500 men, women, and children. In 1809 they obtained a 14 years' patent for a greatly improved lace or bobbin net machine, and built a large factory at Loughborough; but, owing to the damage done to their machinery by the Luddites of the Midland Counties, they removed to Tiverton, and greatly augmented the prosperity of that town. Their machinery here is chiefly set in motion by a water wheel, 25 feet broad and 25 feet in diameter, and they have a large iron foundry in their gigantic establishment. A market and fair were established here before A.D. 1200. Markets are now held every Tuesday and Saturday, and are well supplied with provisions; and the former is a considerable market for corn, cattle, &c. There are also great markets for cattle on the second Tuesday in each month. A spacious MARKET PLACE, with convenient approaches, was built in 1830. RACES are held in September. W. C. Rayer, Esq., of Holcombe Court, is master of the Tiverton Hunt, which has a full pack of fine hounds. The GAS WORKS are now the property of and worked by Messrs. J. H. Heathcoat & Co., who supply gas at the rate of 5s. 6d. per 1000 cubic feet. There are about 90 street lamps. TIVERTON UNION comprises 27 parishes, &c., extending over 103,053 acres. It had 29,726 inhabitants (14,271 males, 15,455 females) in 1871, living in 6377 houses; there were also 340 houses uninhabited and 18 building. These returns include 92 paupers in the union workhouse, 8 prisoners in the borough goal, and 2 patients in Tiverton Infirmary and Dispensary. In the union there were 36 blind persons, of whom 1 was blind from birth; 18 deaf and dumb; 60 idiots or imbeciles (not in asylums), and 8 lunatics (not in asylums). The total average annual expenditure on the poor during the three years preceding the formation of the union was £18,215. In 1838 the expenditure was £14,248, and for the year ended Lady-day 1878, £15,583. The UNION WORKHOUSE was built on the site of the old Workhouse at Tiverton Town end in 1836-7 at a cost of £6000, and is a commodious building, with accommodation for 300 paupers. C. M. Hole, Esq., is union clerk; Francis Dunsford, Esq., treasurer, and the Rev. George Hadow, hon. chaplain; Mr. James and Mrs. Mary Jane Mills, master and matron of the workhouse; Mr. W. R. Haydon is the workhouse medical officer; and he and Messrs. W. F. Terry, Richard Bryden, Fras. L. Stephenson, Wm. Gribble, Edward M. Puddicombe, Edward C. Hill, Henry McClure, Edward Nason, Samuel James Burrows, and Nathaniel B. Grigg. The relieving officers are Messrs. John Jarman, Samuel Besley, and John Frost; Thos. Clarke Esq., is superintendent registrar, and Mr. Frederick A. Payne is his deputy; the sub-registrars are Messrs. Arthur C. Sharland (James Mills, deputy), Samuel Besley (Henry Nott, deputy), Robert Mildon (R. B. Mildon, deputy), Henry Hill (W. H. Frost, deputy), Peter Warren (Peter Warren, jun., deputy), and Thomas Bradford (W. H. Woolway, deputy). The following enumeration shows the territorial extent, the number of inhabited house and population in 1871, and the present rateable value: REFERENCES.-Marked 1 are in Silverton registration sub-district; 2, Cullompton; 3, Uffculme; 4, Tiverton; 5, Washfield; and 6, Bampton. CORPORATION. In 1615 James I. granted the inhabitants of Tiverton a charter of incorporation, with the privilege of sending two members to Parliament; and in the same year they built the Town Hall, on the site of St. Thomas's Chapel. The privileges granted by this were confirmed by a charter of the 11th of George I., styling the corporation 'the mayor and burgesses of the town and parish of Tiverton,' and directing that the Common Council should consist of the mayor, twelve capital burgesses and twelve assistants, and that the mayor, ex-mayor, and the recorder should be justices of the peace. Under the Municipal Reform Act of 1835 the borough is included among those which are to have a commission of the peace, a court of quarter sessions, &c., and is divided into three wards, and placed under the government of the borough magistrates, a recorder, a mayor, six aldermen and eighteen councillors. The population of the wards in 1871 was-Castle Ward, 2849, Lowman Ward, 3642, and West Exe, 3533. The income of the old corporation in 1833 was only £116, but its expenditure was £160, the difference being paid by the mayor. In 1841. the expenditure of the borough was £628, and its income £695. The receipts and expenditure of the Town Council for the year ended August 31, 1877 were (Municipal Borough Fund):-Receipts-Balance on general account, £666 68. 8d.; on Bampton Street widening account, £2 198. 4d.; borough rate, £6100; rents and fees, £49 58.; Treasury allowances, £72 78.; fines per clerk to borough magistrates, £20 5s.; stamping weights and measures, £2 98. 7d.; treasurer's accounts sold, 3s. 2d.; guardians of Tiverton union, on account of maintenance of lunatics in Fisherton House Asylum, £360 12s.; total, £7,274 78. 94d.; Urban Sanitary Authority, £524 78. 1d.—grand total, £7808 148. 104d. Expenditure (Borough Fund) Salaries, &c., to Municipal officers, £223 12s. 6d. ; police, £496 38. 64d.; gaol, £199 1s. 9jd.; administration of justice, £125 18s. 10d.; Devon and Exeter Reformatory, £7 17s. 6d.; lunatics, £664 16s. 3d.; School Board, £527 78. 4d.; interest of debt, £156 3s. 3d.; instalments of loans paid off, £266 13s. 4d.; public works and repairs, £321 19s. 6d. other expenses, £123 98. 24d.-total, £3113 38. 1d; (Urban Sanitary Authority), highways and streets, £3335 Os. 10d.; loans repaid with interest, £695 38. 5d.; salaries, &c., £214 9s.; other charges, £32 18. 9d.; total, £4276 158.—grand total, £7389 18s. 1d., leaving a balance in the hands of the treasurer of £418 168. 9 d. The number of burgesses entitled to vote for the two parliamentary representatives of the borough in 1837 was 496, and in 1878 1374, and the members on the Municipal Register, 1603. It was formerly a 'close borough,' 23 being the greatest number polled for 30 years previous to 1831. The TowN HALL, a noble building in the Venetio-Italian style of the Renaissance period, was erected at a cost of about £12,000, in 1864, on the site of the former one, which was built in 1615. It is surmounted by a bold cornice with enriched finials and lofty tower containing an illuminated clock. The ground floor comprises the county court office, magistrates', committee, and waiting rooms, and police-station with lock-up cells; on the first floor is a town hall, used as a court of justice and council chamber, and over the grand staircase is a large gallery for the use of the public, besides a jury room, a mayoralty room, and a retiring-room for the recorder and magistrates. The Town Hall contains portraits of Kings George I., II. and III., a full length one of George III., one of the late Lord Palmerston-of whom there is a marble bust, which was 3 presented by W. North Row, Esq., a former mayor, at the expense of 180 guineas; there are also portraits of the late John Heathcoat, Esq., M.P., and F. Hole, Esq., the last being presented by Lord Palmerston. PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATIVES. SIR JOHN H. HEATHCOAT-AMORY, BART., and RIGHT HON. W. N. MASSEY. TOWN COUNCIL, 1877-8. MAYOR. F. Snell, Esq. ALDERMEN. G. W. Cockram, J. Lane, and F. Snell, who retire in 1880; Sir J. H. Heathcoat-Amory, Bart, M.P., J. Wills, and W. N. Row, Esq. COUNCILLORS. LOWMAN WARD. CASTLE WARD. WEST EXE WARD. RECORDER-H. Clark, Esq. TOWN CLERK-С. М. Hole, Esq. CLERK OF THE PEACE-F. Dunsford, Esq. CORONER-Frederick Mackenzie, Esq. CHIEF CONSTABLE AND GAOLER-Mr. J. B. Crabb. BOROUGH MAGISTRATES. -Sir John H. Heathcoat-Amory, Bart., M.P., and Thomas Carew, F. Dunsford, W. H. Dunsford, W. H. Gamlen, Samuel Gath, H. S. Gill, E. Hallam, John Lane, Frederick Mackenzie, W. N. Row, J. A. Travers, W. C. L. Unwin, W. T. Waddy, and John Wills, Esqs. CHARITY TRUSTEES. - Sir John H. Heathcoat-Amory, Bart., and Francis Dunsford, Thomas Carew, Stephen Fisher, Frederick S. Gerris, Thomas C. Haydon, John Lane, Wm. N. Row, Frederick Snell, and Benjamin Were, Esqs. T. Parkhouse, Esq., is treasurer, and G. W. Cockram, Esq., clerk. PETTY SESSIONS for the borough are held in the Town Hall every Thursday by the borough magistrates, to whom W. Partridge, Esq., is clerk. PETTY SESSIONS for Tiverton district of Cullompton petty sessional division are held once a fortnight at the Town Hall. Tiverton district comprises Bampton, Bickleigh, Cadbury, Cadeleigh, Calverleigh, Clayhanger, Cruwys Morchard, Halberton, Highley St. Mary, Hockworthy, Huntsham, Loxbeer, Loxbeer, Morebath, Oakford, Stoodleigh, Templeton, Thorverton, Uplowman, and Washfield. A. Cruwys Sharland, Esq., and Frederic Burrow, LL.D., are clerks to the Division. The COUNTY COURT is held monthly at the Town Hall for the parishes in Tiverton union, and for Morebath, Rackenford, and the following places in Somerset-Bromford Regis, Brushford, Dulverton, Exton, and Hawkridge. Serjeant Peterdorff is judge; C. M. Hole, Esq., registrar; Mr. W. Webster, high bailiff; and Mr. H. R. Cleeve, clerk. A spacious and handsome BOROUGH GAOL and HOUSE OF CORRECTION was built in 1845-6 on the separate system, at a cost of about £4000; but this prison has, under the Prisons Act, been discontinued, and the prisoners are sent to Exeter County Gaol. According to the 41st Report of the Inspectors of Prisons, there were on September 29, 1876, for criminals 33 certified cells (27 for males, 6 for females); 1 punishment cell for each sex, and 1 reception cell; for debtors, 4 sleeping cells for males, and 1 day room The total population of the prison on that date, exclusive of debtors and military prisoners, was 4 males and 1 female; the average daily number of persons in custody, 31; ditto for the preceding five years, 3; the greatest number at any one time during the year, 12 (8 males, 4 females); average greatest number taken from the greatest number at any one time during the preceding five years, 9. The total ordinary ex |