an old soldier, who had served him, rubbing his back against the marble wall. The emperor, who was a wise, and therefore a curious inquisitive man, sent for the soldier, and asked him why he resorted to that sort of friction. Because,' answered the veteran, 'I am too poor to have slaves to rub me down.' The emperor was touched, and gave him slaves and money. The next day, when Adrian went to the baths, all the old men in the city were to be seen rubbing themselves against the marble as hard as they could. The emperor sent for them, and asked them the same question which he had put to the soldier; the cunning old rogues, of course, made the same answer. Friends,' said Adrian, since there are so many of you, you will just rub one another!' --"Mr. Dale, if you don't want to have all the donkeys in the country with holes in their shoulders, you had better not buy the tinker's!" Ib., vol. xxvii, p. 135.

948. REPUBLIC.-Gloomy views of the future of the: "I confess it is a source of melancholy and grave reflection to me, not on account of the success or failure of any candidate but on account of the future destiny of the country itself. I have my fears that in the future progress of this country, this (the election of President) will always be a subject of contest every few years, and that of course all the intermediate periods will be passed in efforts and excitements to defeat or aid particular candidates. . . . If this prophecy should unhappily become fact, it will necessarily give rise to the most bitter and permanent local factions with which the country could be scourged; and it will be very difficult for any administration to maintain itself, unless by sacrifices and artifices which will corrupt and debase the public councils. The very thought makes me at times exceedingly gloomy, and convinces me more and more, that the Presidency is the ticklish part of our constitution. Perhaps it will prove its overthrow." Judge Story's Life, i, 513.— How they manage in the model: Blackw. Mag., lxx, 439; ib., lxi, 492; Knick., xxxviii, 205.-The Patriot in search of a Westm. Rev., 1. 124.

949. REPUBLICANISM. - In England: Liv. Age, cxi, 316.-Moral relations of: Chris. Ex. x, 239.

950. REPUBLICS. Only well governed when they dispense rewards and punishments according to the merits, or demerits of their citizens." Machiavel's Wks., ii, 68.-Acquisitions of territory to, when ruinous: Ib., 225.-Dangerous for, to employ mercenary forces: Ib., 229.-" Differences and divisions for the most part are prejudicial to Republics." "They are much mistaken who think any Republican government can continue long united:" Ib., i, 331, et seq.-Birth of the French: Liv. Age, cxxv, 62.-American, its three basement pillars: "The school, the meeting-house, and the family." Golden Age Am. Oratory, 126.-Extinct: Milman's Lat. Christy., vi, 620.-How established: Aristotle's Wks., ii, 341.Require more virtues than monarchies: Ib., 151.-Causes of their revolutions: Ib., 409, et seq.—Of the New World: Fras. Mag., xiii, 301.-Disadvantages of their polity: Schlegel's Phil. of Lf. 290.

951. REPUTATION.-High and enduring gained by political services: Liv. Age, cvii, 155.-Public, how preserved Burke's Wks., xiii, 17.—Popular, advantages of; Pepys' Diary, iv, 224.-Tainted, the greatest calamity: Johnson's Wks., iv, 102: Ib., iii, 373.-Value of : Gibbon's Wks., ii, 422.

952. RESIGNATION.-What it is: "Resignation is rest; and to know it, the heart has to be torn by terri

ble separations,-writhing at the new-made grave, heavy among the ruins of fortune, broken over disappointed plans, or unreturned affections. It is humiliating, but real. Tempests must sweep our sky, before the air is still and the summer sunshine calls up the noiseless energies of life." Huntington's Christian Believing and Living, p. 176.-In general: Southey's C. P. Bk., i, 273.

953. REST.-What it should not be :. "About the river of human life there is a wintry wind, through a heavenly sunshine; the iris colors its agitation; the frost fixes upon its repose. Let us beware that our rest become not the rest of stones, which so long as they are torrenttossed and thunder-stricken, maintain their majesty, but when the stream is silent, and the storm passed, suffer the grass to cover them and the lichen to feed to them, and are ploughed down into dust." Beauties of Ruskin, 403. -Of the Sabbath, what it should be: Liv. Age, xxxvii,

77.

954. RESPONSIBILITY.-Criterion of, in insanity: Maudsley's Respon. in Ment. Dis., 14, 90, 111.— Medical and legal doctrines of: Ib., 212 to 226.

955. RESURRECTION.—All physical difficulties set aside: Liv. Age, xix, 50, et seq.-"The Jews commonly express resurrection by regermination or growing up again like a plant. So they do in that strange tradition of theirs; of the Luz, an immortal little bone in the bottom of the Spina dorsi; which, though our anatomists are bound to deride as a kind of Terra incognita in the lesser world, yet theirs (who know the bones too but by tradition) will tell ye that there it is, and that was created by God in an unalterable state of incorruption; that it is of a slippery condition, and maketh the body but believe that it groweth up with, or receiveth any nourishment from that; whereas indeed the Luz is every way immortally disposed, and out of whose very-living power, fermented by a kind of dew from heaven, all the dry bones shall be reunited and knit together, and the whole generation of mankind recruit again." John Gregorie, p. 125. The great argument in favor of the reality of Christ's: Watson's' Insts., i, 151, et seq.-In general, its nature and possibility: Watson's Insts. ii, 461.-Of the wicked, why it must take place: Calvin's Insts., ii, 625. -Mode of, discussed: Sir T. Browne's Wks., ii, 68.-In the, men shall be permanent, and not incorporeal : Hobbes' Wks., iii, 393.-Doctrine of, unknown to the ancients: Horne's Intro., i, 10.-A revelation: Ib., 342, et seq.-Christ's: Ib., i, 239, et seq.-The importance of the doctrine: Jackson's Wks., x, 237.-Denied and ridiculed by the philosophers of Greece and Rome: Leland's Wks., ii, 437.-At the time of the Saviour notions of ir. obscure and gross : ib., 438.-Of Christ, his ten distinct appearances, a proof of: Ecce Deus,-Homo, 90.

956. RETALIATION.-Justifiable, practised on Prescott: Wash. Wks., iii, 202.—Declaration respecting, by Congress: Ib., 204.-Misapplication in the case of Campbell: Ib., 331.-The impolicy of: Ib., 334, 342.-Approved and ordered by Congress: Ib., viii, 310, 35. -Executed sometimes by the law of distributive justice, as in the case of Louis XI.: Jackson's Wks., v, 512.Sometimes by commutative justice, as in the cases of Pharaoh, Ahab, and Jezebel: Ib., 521.-Prevented by the rule Do as you would be done by:' Ib., xi, 15.

957. RETRIBUTION.-A soldier convalescent from a wound received in the army of the Rhine, was going to his father's house to recover. He had been advised not to go in advance of the escort of the diligence, but at the sight of his native village he could not resist

The

and ventured on alone. A peasant who was tilling the ground, seeing him coming, took a musket hidden in a hedge, aimed, hit him full in the face, then went to despoil the dead. The explosion was heard, the escort of the diligence hurried forward. The peasant fled with the haversack and a pocket-book, in which there was a passport. As neither he nor his wife knew how to read they begged a neighbor to tell them what was in the paper, and they learned that the dead man was their son. mother killed herself with a knife, and the father gave himself up to justice. Victor Hugo's Life, 13.— The dying tyranny, speechless and incapable of motion, had its hand lifted up to affix the formal seal to the death warrant of the poet, the soldier, the statesman, the scholar, and on the day of the execution,' according to Holinshed, was itself lying in the agonies of death.' Its miserable comfort then, was the thought that youth was dying too that the grave which yawned for abused health, indulged lusts, and monstrous crimes, had, in the same instant opened at the feet of manly health, of generous grace, of exquisite genius, and modest virtue. And so perished Henry the Eighth." Eng. History, Reed. p. 339.

958. RETICENCE.-The art of: Liv. Age, cv, 761.

959. REVELATION.-Revelation is neither an

inspiration from without, nor an isolated experience within; it is simply one and same thing with the history of the human race." Die Christliche Glaubenslehre (Tübingen, 1840,) i, 68.-Strauss attributes everything to the slow and secret action of unconscious tradition. Renan's Religious His. and Criticism, 203.-Defined: Horne's Intro., i, 1, et seq.-Its possibility: Ib., 32.And natural science: Harris' Pre-Adamite Earth, 273.Gave men the knowledge of morals: Leland's Wks., ii, 16. 34, 256, et seq.-Power to understand, the gift of God: Schlegel's Phil. of Lf., 58.-Its four fold character: Ib., 61, et seq.-Of Christianity: Ib., 147.-Unwritten to the Antediluvian world: Ib., 239.-Sources of manifold: Ib., 516.

960. REVENGE.-" A miser so intent on, that he took his enemy to where the fire-damp was, opened his safety lamp and perished with his foe." Liv. Age, xvi. 185.-Excessive becomes rage: Hobbes' Wks., iii, 62.— Private, not punishment: Ib., 298.-Observations on: Burke's Wks., xv, 30.-The desire of, forbidden: Calvin's Insts., i, 487.-No sex in: Colton's Lacon, New York Ed., 119.

961. REVIVALS. Great religious: Liv. Age, Ixiv, 786.-In Medieval Italy: Ib., cxxiv, 741.-Of Keligion (Bushnell) Chris. Quar. Spec., x, 131.-Porter on: Ib., iv, 25.-In time of Edwards and Whitefield: Meth. Quar. Rev., ii, 594.

962. REVOLUTION.—Is like a river which overflows and inundates. Cæsar aimed at digging a bed for it. Pompey seated proudly at the helm thought he could

command the waves that were sweeping him along. Cicero, always irresolute, at one moment allowed himself to drift with the stream, at another, thought himself able to stem it with a fragile bark. Cato, immovable as a rock, flattered himself that alone he could resist the irritable stream that was carrying away the old order of Roman Society." Nap.'s Life of Cæsar, i, 401.-The American, effects of; Mackintosh's Wks., iii, 146 to 155. -French: Ib., 157 to 273.--Want of Religion, the cause of the French Cobbett's Wks., i, 31.-Carnage during French: Ib., 38, et seq.-The good effects of the French:

Ib., iv, 344.-The effects of, upon literary pursuits: Dryden's Wks., i, 385.

963. RHETORIC.-Webster never attained to it: in its finest and most absolute burnish." Golden Age of Am. Orat., 106.-It has been said of Bolingbroke and Burke, that the former shaped his thought into ornament, the latter shaped his ornament around his thought. Ib., 187.-In Rufus Choate's vocabulary there was nothing of kid-gloved dilettanteism, he was not afraid to take right hold of the huge paw of the democracy by language coarse and homely and inelegant, but full of strength and grit, and sense. He used simple words, long-legged words all mixed up and stuck together like a bizarre mosaic: Ib., 223.-Upon a recent occasion in England, a minister was presented with a watch by his congregation, which an English paper records in this wise: "The distinguished reverend gentleman was then made a beneficiary of his congregation in a wholly unexpected manner, by the presentation by a committee of his devoted congregation, who had assembled upon the exceedingly interesting occasion, with a valuable and elegant timepiece, as a mark of their esteem and affection for him, during his long period of usefulness." As a specimen of verbosity and tautology this will do, and suggests the definition of pepper, which Sydney Smith put in the mouth of Sir James Mackintosh : Pepper may philosophically be described as a dusty and highly-pulverized

seed of an Oriental fruit, an article rather of condiment than diet, which, dispersed lightly over the surface of food, with no other rule than the caprice of the consumer, communicates pleasure rather than affords nutrition, and by adding a tropical flavor to the gross and succuant viands of the North, approximates the different regions of the earth, explains the objects of commerce, and justifies the industry of man." Defined as, an art, or faculty, which upon every subject, considers the capability of persuasion." Aristotle's Rhetoric, 25.-Its various kinds : Ib., 40.—Its goddess impudence: Hobbes' Wks., vi, 250.-Philosophy of: Meth. Quar. Rev., iii, 512.Whately's Blackw. Mag., xxiv, 885.-A deceitful art: Montaigne's Wks., 168.-The age of ornament is over: that of utility has succeeded. The 'pugna quam pompa aptius' is the order of the day, and men fight now with the clenched fist, not with the open hand-with logic and not with rhetoric." Wirt. Kennedy's Life of Wirt, ii, 356.

964. RHYME.-When unnatural: Dryden's Wks., xv, 363.-A constraint to poets: Ib., xiv, 207.

965. RICHES.-Are power: Hobbes' Wks., iii, 74.-Kept by frugality: Ib., ii, 159.-Duties growing out of: Burke's Wks., vii, 376.-National: Aristotle's Wks., ii, 15.-Real and artificial: Ib., 40.-Against the poor: Meth. Quar. Rev., i, 92.-Distribution of: Banker's Mag., iv, 172.-The mistake of those who suppose them essential to happiness: Hall's Wks., vi, 181.-Criminality in their use: Ib., 467.-Duties of: Ib., vi, 469 to 471.— Folly of pursuing: Johnson's Wks., ii, 374.-Their true use: Ib., iii, 319.-Desire of, whence: Ib., 384.-Hered itary; advantages and disadvantages of: Ib., xi, 512.In some sort necessary to old men: Swift's Wks., x, 245. Dr. Swift's estimation of them: Ib., xii, 78.—Why a source of pride: Hume's Wks., ii, 50, 101; ib., iv, 213. -Why esteemed: Ib., iv, 323.-Discontent and misery of: Burton's Ana. of Mel., i, 170, 230; ib., ii, 37.

966. RIDICULE.-" There is a ridicule which properly may be called diabolical, which desecrates everything endeared and noble; which laughs not in fes