Isotopes in Palaeoenvironmental Research

Front Cover
Melanie J. Leng
Springer Science & Business Media, Jan 27, 2006 - Science - 307 pages
This volume is intended to show how stable isotopes can be applied to understanding the palaeoenvironment. There are chapters on the interpretation of isotopes in water, tree rings, bones and teeth, lake sediments, speleothems and marine sediments. Crucial to the understanding of the environmental signal contained within the isotope composition of different materials is to gain more information about how rainfall isotope compositions are determined by climate. Chapter 1 (Darling et al. ) describes O, H and C stable isotope compositions in the modern day water and aqueous carbon cycles to provide a framework for the interpretation of these isotopes in the past. The chapter on the water cycle divides naturally into a number of sections. The starting point, precipitation, is especially important because it is the precursor to which most O and H isotope proxy studies are attempting to relate. While much is understood about the isotope systematics of precipitation, largely owing to the existence of the IAEA– WMO Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP), important questions remain to be answered in relation to the isotope-temperature gradients of past climatic conditions. The chapter describes the three reservoirs of water sustaining all terrestrial proxies; soil and vadose zone moisture, groundwater, and surface waters. In each reservoir isotope effects intervene to modify to a greater or lesser extent the isotope signature of antecedent precipitation; groundwaters are least affected and surface waters the most.
 

Contents

Introduction Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes in precipitation From precipitation to terrestrial water Lake waters and mass balance modelling Di...
33
Isotopes in Water 1
36
17
43
27
52
36
55
Isotopes in tree rings
67
Introduction Isotope incorporation into bone Relationship of bone isotope composition to an animals diet Preservation of the isotope signal in bone a...
117
Application of isotope techniques to bone and teeth TABLE OF CONTENTS
127
Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in lacustrine organic matter
173
Isotopes in speleothems
185
Carbon isotopes in speleothems
202
Summary
215
227
226
Carbon isotopes in marine sediments
245
Nitrogen isotopes in marine sediments
259
Boron isotopes in marine sediments
268

Summary
138
Isotopes in lake sediments
147
Carbon isotopes in lacustrine organic matter
166
Glossary acronyms abbreviations
291
Index
303
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About the author (2006)

Melanie J. Leng (ed) is head of palaeoclimate research at the NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory and Chair in Isotope Geoscience, University of Nottingham.