Time in History: Views of Time from Prehistory to the Present DayNever before has time obsessed humanity as much as now. The more accurately we measure it, the more it worries us. Although we complain that it passes too quickly, we seldom question its fundamental characteristics or the methods we use to measure it. Having grown so accustomed to the ideas of time, history, and evolution, we find it hard to imagine that these concepts were not always considered important. If, however, we wish to understand why time dominates our way of life and thought, we must examine the role it has played throughout history. G.J. Whitrow provides just the study we need. His compelling, groundbreaking volume traces the evolution of our general awareness of time and its significance from the dawn of history to the present day. He examines not only the development of our methods of measuring time, but also discusses how changing concepts of time have influenced history itself. From prehistoric times to the twentieth century, and ranging from Ancient Egypt, Greece, Israel, the Islamic World, India, and China, to Europe and America, Whitrow presents an absorbing account of the different ways that various civilizations throughout history have perceived time. |
Contents
Awareness of Time | 3 |
Describing Time | 11 |
Time at the Dawn of History | 21 |
Time in Classical Antiquity | 37 |
Time in the Middle Ages | 71 |
Time in the Far East and Mesoamerica | 87 |
The Advent of the Mechanical Clock | 99 |
Time and History in the Renaissance and the Scientific | 115 |
Time and History in the Eighteenth Century | 139 |
Evolution and the Industrial Revolution | 152 |
Rival Concepts of Time | 170 |
Time History and Progess | 177 |
Appendices | 187 |
194 | |
207 | |
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Common terms and phrases
according ancient antiquity appears Aristotle astronomical Babylonian became Bede believed Board of Longitude calendar celestial century BC Christianity chronology chronometer Church civilization Classical antiquity concept concerned Consequently cosmic cycle cyclical determine divine earth Easter Egyptians equinox eternal Europe example famous future Greek Gregorian Gregorian calendar Hebrew heliacal rising Hellenistic historians horoscopic astrology human idea important influence introduced invention Islamic Joachim of Fiore Julian calendar later London longitude lunar marine chronometer mathematical Maya measure mechanical clock medieval Metonic Metonic cycle Middle Ages modern month moon motion nature Newton number of days occurred origin Oxford particular past pendulum clock period philosopher planets present progress regarded revolution Roman Rome rotation S. G. F. Brandon scientific sense significance society solar St Augustine stars sundial temporal theory thought timekeeping trans University Press water-clocks wheel whereas Zoroastrian Zurvan