A Grammar of Kolyma YukaghirKolyma Yukaghir is a seriously endangered language spoken by about 50 people in the northeast of Asiatic Russia. It is one of the two surviving languages of the Yukaghir family, which is considered by different scholars either as an isolate left over from before the expansion of other languages and language families into Siberia, or as a distant relative of the Uralic family. In many ways, Yukaghir fits the grammatical type widespread among the languages of Siberia, namely that of predominantly verb-final dependent-marking language with relatively rich agglumative morphology and deranking strategies of clause linking. Furthermore, it has a number of typologically remarkably features, which will be of interest to general linguists irrespective of their theoretical orientation. These include Yukaghir focus-marking system, differential object marking based on global effects of person hierarchy, the obligatory use of bound possesive markers to indicate non-coreference of the possessor with the subject, elaborated switch-reference system, initimate interaction between aspect and valence-changing derivation, etc. The book incorporates all major components of descriptive grammar, from phonology to syntax, with a special chapter on coreference and discourse coherence, annotated and translated sample texts, a Yukaghir-English vocabulary, and a subject index. The description is based on extensive field materials and richly exemplified by non-elicited data. The organization of the book facilitates its use as a reference grammar, with numerous cross-references between sections and concise summaries of interrelated phenomena discussed in various parts of the grammar. The book is of interest to scholars of Uralic and Siberian languages, linguistic typology, and general linguistics. |
Contents
3 Quantifiers | 310 |
4 NP conjunction | 313 |
42 Asyndeton | 316 |
43 Conjunction with tāhile then | 318 |
5 Postpositional phrases | 319 |
52 Attributive marking | 321 |
9 Syntax of the clause | 325 |
12 Nonfinite clauses | 328 |
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35 Epenthetic submorphs | 56 |
4 Word stress | 58 |
4 Parts of speech and inflectional paradigms | 61 |
12 Verbal paradigm | 62 |
13 Relationship between the major paradigms | 63 |
2 Adverbs | 64 |
22 Locative paradigm | 65 |
3 Attributes and properties | 66 |
32 Qualitative verbs | 67 |
33 Adverbial use of qualitative verbs | 69 |
34 Nonverbal qualitative stems | 70 |
4 Closed classes | 71 |
5 Nominal morphology | 73 |
11 Plural formation | 74 |
12 Comitative formation | 76 |
13 Possessive forms | 77 |
2 Functions of the Possessive markers | 79 |
3 Functions of the Number forms | 80 |
32 Functions of the Plural | 84 |
4 Functions of the cases | 88 |
42 Other cases | 96 |
5 Other nominal forms | 116 |
52 The Privative form | 120 |
53 The Temporal Form | 121 |
55 Verbal forms | 122 |
6 Nominal derivation | 128 |
62 Compounds | 134 |
63 Lexicalization of verb forms | 136 |
64 Conversion | 138 |
6 Verb morphology | 139 |
12 The Attributive forms | 145 |
13 The Nominal forms | 147 |
14 Switchreference forms converbs | 158 |
2 Tense and Mood | 166 |
22 Functions of the nonFuture | 168 |
24 Functions of the Irrealis | 171 |
25 Functions of the nonFuture Inferential | 172 |
26 Functions of the Future Inferential Hypothetical | 175 |
28 Functions of the Imperative | 176 |
29 Periphrastic TenseMood Forms | 178 |
210 Desiderative | 181 |
3 Aspect | 182 |
33 Internal Aspect marking | 188 |
34 Habitual | 197 |
35 Ingressive and Inchoative | 200 |
36 Resultative and Stative | 205 |
37 Other aspectrelated markers | 209 |
4 Valencechanging morphology | 210 |
42 Denominai Proprietive verbs | 211 |
43 Causative | 213 |
44 Transitivizers and detransitivizers | 224 |
45 Reciprocal and Reflexive | 227 |
7 Morphology of closed classes | 233 |
12 Demonstrative pronouns | 238 |
13 Interrogative proforms | 250 |
15 Universal quantifiers | 256 |
2 Numerals | 260 |
22 Ordinal numerals | 264 |
23 Frequentative adverbials | 266 |
3 Postpositions | 267 |
32 Postpositions with spatial and temporal meanings | 273 |
33 Comparative postposition | 277 |
8 Noun phrase and postpositional phrase | 281 |
12 Word order in the noun phrase | 286 |
2 Noun phrases as noun modifiers | 289 |
NPM+NPHCASE | 290 |
NPM NPHPOSSCASE | 296 |
NPMATTR+NPHCASE | 304 |
13 Pragmatic motivations for case marking | 337 |
14 Grammatical relations | 338 |
15 Constituent order | 341 |
2 Overview of verb patterns | 346 |
22 Oneslot patterns | 348 |
23 Monotransitive pattern | 349 |
24 Patterns with a Dative slot | 352 |
25 Patterns with Ablative | 355 |
26 Patterns with Directional slot | 356 |
27 Patterns with nonprimary Experiencer | 358 |
28 Reciprocal pattern | 361 |
3 Clausal adjuncts | 362 |
32 Sociative adjuncts | 365 |
10 Clause chaining | 369 |
11 Switch reference | 370 |
12 Ordinary vs Conditional chaining | 373 |
13 Structural cohesion | 376 |
2 Semantics of ordinary chains | 381 |
22 Temporal relations in clause chains | 382 |
23 Backgrounding | 384 |
24 Semantic cohesion | 386 |
3 Conditional constructions | 392 |
31 Predictive conditional constructions | 393 |
32 Generic conditional constructions | 395 |
33 The unreality conditional constructions | 397 |
34 Inferential conditional constructions | 398 |
4 The concessive construction | 399 |
11 Subordination | 401 |
12 Complements in the S slot | 402 |
13 Complements in the O slot | 404 |
14 Detached nominal complements | 408 |
Instrumental Action Nominal | 409 |
16 Complements in the Directional slot | 411 |
2 Minor complementation strategies | 412 |
21 Clause chaining as a strategy of complementation | 413 |
22 The Supine complements | 414 |
23 Applicatives of complementtaking verbs | 415 |
3 Relative clauses | 416 |
31 Attributive relative clauses | 417 |
32 Nominal relative clauses | 424 |
33 Headless relative clauses | 425 |
4 Adverbial clauses | 427 |
42 Spatial adverbial clauses | 431 |
44 The Supine Purpose clause | 432 |
45 Comparative adverbial clauses | 434 |
12 Nominal predicates and grammatical Focus | 437 |
12 Proprietive clauses | 444 |
13 Minor copularlike clause patterns | 448 |
2 Syntax of the Focus construction | 451 |
summary | 452 |
23 Cleftlike constructions | 453 |
24 Clause chains with shared Focus | 454 |
3 Semantics of grammatical Focus | 457 |
31 Compulsory Focus marking | 458 |
32 Free Focus marking | 463 |
13 Sentence types and negation | 473 |
2 Questions | 475 |
22 Questionword questions | 480 |
23 Negativedubitative use of questions | 487 |
3 Minor sentence types | 489 |
32 Optative | 490 |
4 Negation | 491 |
42 The negative marker ne | 494 |
43 Negation in nonfinite clauses | 496 |
44 Negative particles | 497 |
5 Speechreporting strategies | 500 |
52 Indirect questions | 505 |
53 Correlative subordinate clauses | 508 |
14 Coreference and discourse coherence | 513 |
12 Reflexivization and omission in subordination | 515 |
13 Chainlevel phenomena | 517 |
2 Paragraphlevel phenomena | 522 |
22 Links between sametype situations | 528 |
3 Connective adverbials | 536 |
Appendices | 541 |
Nonproductive verb derivation | 557 |
Texts | 563 |
2 My friend | 576 |
Notes | 583 |
References | 593 |
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