quo eft apud Theopompum, magnas opes habuit. Thus the editions in Shakespear's time; and thus I found it in two manuscripts. In the fecond part of K. Henry VI. Act IV. Suffolk fays, "This villain here, "Being captain of a pinnance, threatens more "Than Bargulus the ftrong Illyrian pirate." In fome later editions 'tis printed in Cicero, Bardylis Illyrius latro. For my own part, I really imagine that Cicero gave this Illyrian name a Roman pronunciation and turn: but why the editors of Cicero print it Bardylis, I don't know; Plutarch in the life of Pyrrhus writes it Βάρδυλλις. "York. I took an oath that he should quietly reign. Edw. But for a kingdom any oath may be broken.” Cicero de Off. L. III. f. 21. "Nam fi violandum eft jus, regnandi gratiâ "Violandum eft." In Romeo and Juliet, A& I. "I measuring his affections by my own, "That most are bufied, when they're most alone, "Perfu'd my humour." In Cic. Lib. III. f. 1. Nunquam fe minus otiofum effe, quàm cum otiofus; nec minus folum, quàm cum folus effet. In Julius Caefar, he has fome variations in proper names: Plutarch, Maguλλos. Shakefpeare, Murellus: And Decimus Brutus Albinus, he calls Decius Brutus. Plut. @aros, viz. an island near Philippi: Shak. Tharsus. Plut. AágSavos. Shak. Dardanius. In Antony and Cleopatra. Plut. Aegxilatos. Shak. Dercetas. " IS IN HIS BRAIN; he bites his lips, and starts, Stops on a fudden, looks upon the ground, "Then lays his finger on his temple; ftrait, "Springs out into faft gate, then stops again; "Strikes his breast hard, and then anon he cafts "His eye against the moon: in most strange postures "We've seen him fet himself. "King. It well may be, "THERE IS A MUTINY IN'S MIND." This obfervation, true in nature, he seems to have had from Cicero de Off. L. I. f. 36. Cavendum eft autem, ne aut tarditatibus utamur in greffu mollioribus, ut pomparum ferculis fimiles effe videamur, aut in feftinationibus fufcipiamus nimias celeritates; quae cùm fiunt, anhelitus moventur, vultus mutantur, ora torquentur: EX QUIBUS MAGNA SIGNIFICATIO FIT NON ADESSE CONSTANTIAM. The late Lord Shaftesbury, in his ❝ Advice to an Author, fell into a mistake concerning the name of the unfortunate Defdemona: "But why 66 (says he) amongst his Greek names, he fhould "have chosen one which denoted the Lady fuperftitious, I can't imagine: unless, &c." Her name is not derived from Δεισιδαίμων, but Avodaíμwv: i. e. THE UNFORTUNATE and 7 Giraldi Cinthio, in his novels, making the word feminine, calls her Difdemona, from whom Shakespeare took the name and story. Thus the reader may fee with what elegance, as well as learning, Shakespeare familiarizes ftrange names to our tongue and pronunciation. 6 Charact. vol. I. p. 348. 7 Novella VII. Deca terza. Avène, che una virtuofa Dona, di maravigliosa bellezza, Difdemona chiamata, &c. He calls her afterwards, in allufion to her name, la infelice Difdemona. And I make no question but Othello in his rapturous admiration, with fome allufion to her name, exclaims, in A& III. "Excellent wretch! perdition catch my foul, The ancient tragedians are full of these allufions; fome instances I have mention'd above, p. 258, 259. This rapturous exclamation and allufion too has fomething ominous in it; and inftances of these prefaging and ominous expreffions our poet is full of. RULE RULE II. He makes Latin words English, and uses them according to their original idiom and latitude. t In Hamlet, A&t I. Horatio is speaking of the prodigies, which happened before Caefar's death, "As harbingers preceding ftill the fates "And prologue to the omen coming on." I The omen coming on, i. e. the event, which happened in confequence of the omens. In the very fame manner Virgil, Aen. I, 349. "Cui pater intactam dederat, primisque jugaret "Ominibus." Ominibus, i. e. nuptiis: viz. the event which was the confequence of the omens. In the Taming of a Shrew, A&t I. 2 "Sir, I fhall not be flack, in fign whereof, "Please you, we may contrive this afternoon; "And quaff caroufes to our mistress' health" I They read, the omen'd. 2 They have corrected, convive. Contrive Contrive this afternoon, i. e. spend this afternoon together. Terence has, contrivi diem. Thence 'tis made English, and fo used by Spencer in his Fairy Queen, B. II. c. 9. ft. 48. "Nor that fage Pylian fire, which did furvive "Three ages, fuch as mortal men contrive." Contrive, i. e. fpend. In K. Richard II. A&t Ì. "Or any other ground 3 inhabitable, "Where never Englishman durft set his foot.". Inhabitable, 3 In the late editions, unhabitable. In anfwers to the latin from whence it came, and by us is generally turned into un; but not always; as here inhabitable, negatively. So in Spencer informed, for unformed. B. III. C. VI. ft. 8. "So after Nilus inundation "Infinite shapes of creatures men doe fynd, 66 Informed in the mud on which the funne hath shynd." This is imitated from Ovid. Met. I, 423. Sic ubi deferuit madidos feptemfluus agros Plurima cultores verfis animalia glebis Inveniunt, & in his quædam modo fasta sub ipsum` |