How We Fight: Ethics in WarHelen Frowe, Gerald Lang How We Fight: Ethics in War presents a substantial body of new work by some of the leading philosophers of war. The ten essays cover a range of topics concerned with both jus ad bellum (the morality of going to war) and jus in bello (the morality of fighting in war). Alongside explorations of classic in bello topics, such as the principle of non-combatant immunity and the distribution of risk between combatants and non-combatants, the volume also addresses ad bellum topics, such as pacifism and punitive justifications for war, and explores the relationship between ad bellum and in bello topics, or how the fighting of a war may affect our judgments concerning whether that war meets the ad bellum conditions. The essays take a keen interest in the micro-foundations of just war theory, and uphold the general assumption that the rules of war must be supported, if they are going to be supported at all, by the liability and non-liability of the individuals who are encompassed by those rules. Relatedly, the volume also contains work which is relevant to the moral justification of several moral doctrines used, either explicitly or implicitly, in just war theory: in the doctrine of double effect, in the generation of liability in basic self-defensive cases, and in the relationship between liability and the conditions which are normally appended to permissible self-defensive violence: imminence, necessity, and proportionality. The volume breaks new ground in all these areas. |
Contents
1 Varieties of Contingent Pacifism in War | 1 |
2 Punitive War | 18 |
3 Why Not Forfeiture? | 38 |
4 SelfDefence Just War and a Reasonable Prospect of Success | 62 |
5 SelfDefense Resistance and Suicide | 75 |
6 Are Justified Aggressors a Threat to the Rights Theory of SelfDefense? | 87 |
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agent agent-centered restriction agent-relative permission argue argument Attacker’s avert bomb causal Central Normative Transition civilians claim committed constraint of proportionality contribute costs culpable David Rodin death defensive action defensive harm defensive killing deliberative perspective objection deterrence diabetic double effect duty enemy enemy combatants Ethics example explain fact fend force forfeited Forfeiture Account Frowe Hurka impermissible inflict infringe innocent bystanders Innocent Threats insulin intentions Jeff McMahan jus ad bellum jus in bello justified threatener kill the bombers liability to defensive liable means military moral responsibility morally required necessary necessity condition one’s option Oxfam Oxford University Press permissibly perpetrator Philosophy and Public plausible pose prevent principle Problem punishment punitive relevant Rights Theory risk Rodin Scanlon seems self-defense simply soldiers someone success condition suppose tactical bombers Tadros Taliban terror bomber third parties Thomson tion trolley unjust combatants unjust threat Victim villagers violate violence wars wrong Zohar