1829; in respect to India, on 1st May, 1828. In continuation of the Account presented by his Majesty's command in 1830. This balance is subject to reduction by the amount of advances made in India from the Territorial to the Commercial branch, which may amount to 3,261,4801., leaving a balance due to commerce of 4,923,0217., including interest. (K.) Estimated Value of Lands, Stock included.—The extraordinary increase in the value of lands under cultivation has been shewn in the evidence before the Committee for East India affairs, already quoted in the text; it is therefore unnecessary to add any thing further here. Twenty years ago, and in the absence of such important data, the cultivated lands were valued by several writers at an average of 51. per acre. Estimating them at present at an ave rage of 41. 10s. per acre, must be considered very moderate, particularly as this includes all stock attached. Taking the number of cultivated acres in round numbers at 130,000,000, their total value will be 585,000,000l. The value of the uncultivated lands is left to the judgment of the reader. (L.) Estimated Value of Houses, Stores, Merchandise, Plate, Furniture, &c.-It is almost impossible to ascertain with exactness the amount of property comprehended under this head. Let the immense wealth of all the natives, princes, zemindars, contractors, merchants of all classes, &c., &c., down to the lowest grades, be first duly weighed and considered, and perhaps the following classification of persons and property, may give an approximate idea of the total amount; any competent person may correct and regulate it according to his judgment and experience. Distribution of the Property in Houses, Furniture, Merchandise, Plate, Stores, &c., &c., (exclusive of specie in circulation) possessed by Europeans and Natives in India. Thus there will be property to the value of 809,000,000%, possessed by Europeans and natives in India, even supposing above 40,000,000 of inhabitants to be in a state of utter poverty and destitution. (M.) Estimated Value of Colonial Shipping.-The number of colonial vessels, as well as the tonnage, has considerably increased since the trade was opened in 1813: however, as their value is less than at that time, the amount has been left as then estimated. There has been a decline in the coasting trade and shipping in the present year when compared with the preceding. (See Note E.) (N.) Estimated Amount of Circulating Specie.—India has always been renowned for the large amount of gold and silver hoarded and in circulation. To compute the quantity of specie in circulation, even in the most civilized countries of Europe, is one of the most difficult tasks of an economist: how much more difficult must it be, to ascertain its amount in the extensive territories of India. In 1813, it was estimated by some writers, at 180,000,000, and by others at much more. Taking the same basis that was adopted in calculating the personal property, the amount of gold, silver, and copper, hoarded and in circulation, may be estimated as follows: No. of Persons. Each possessing £ £ 2,000,000 Many in a state of affluence, others? in easy circumstances ..... 8,000,000 Acquiring moderate incomes from? agriculture, commerce, &c. 19,750,000 Lower classes employed in agri-} culture, trade, &c......... 59,827,206 Not supposed to possess any gold, silver, or copper whatever...... 89,577,206 Total, in circulation and hoarded £175,000,000 4 79,000,000 472 SECTION XI. General View and Recapitulation of the Capital, Resources, Population, Laws, Trade, and Shipping of the British Empire in Europe, America, Africa, Asia, and Australia.-Aggregate value of the productions annually raised in Great Britain and Ireland, by the combination of capital with animate and inanimate power; in the British dependencies in Europe; in the North American colonies; in the West Indies; in the possessions in the Indian Ocean; in the settlements in Africa; in Australia; and in the East Indian Empire. IN the preceding Sections an attempt has been made to exhibit, in the most intelligible manner, and by the aid of sound data and facts, a detailed view of the capital, resources, and productive powers of the several parts constituting the British Empire. Let us now see what is the aggregate result of all this wealth, capital, and power, when brought under one view, and summed up in one grand total. It appears then, that even according to the moderate calculation adopted in all these estimates, there exists, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, a capital, public and private, of 3,679,500,0007.! The greatest part of this enormous capital is beneficially employed in creating substantial property, and in promoting industry and enterprise in the multifarious pursuits and occupations by which the necessaries, the comforts, and the luxuries of life are raised and provided. The most useful and important of these is Agriculture, which raises, in all its branches, annual produce to the value of 246,600,000l.; or fifty-two millions and a half more than the total produce of this branch in France, considered to be the first agricultural country in Europe. The value of the produce of Mines and Minerals, in the United Kingdom, is 21,400,000l. The produce and profits of the numerous classes engaged in Inland Trade, amount to the large sum of 48,425,000/. And of those important branches to all maritime nations, the Coasting Trade and the Fisheries, the former yields 3,550,000l., and the latter 3,400,000l. The annual gains of all those engaged in Shipping and Foreign Trade, amount to 34,398,0597. The profits of Bankers may be stated at 4,500,000l.; and the income derived from property invested in foreign securities, including the sum annually remitted from India, is estimated at 4,500,000l. Lastly, the capital, labour, and machinery employed in all the numerous and extensive a Dupin, "Forces Productives et Commerciales de la France". STATEMENT of the EXPENSES and PRODUCE of FRENCH See Goldsmith's Statistics of France, who calculates the total produce of the soil of France at 4,853,628,873 francs, or about 194,145,154/. |