Before the Industrial Revolution: European Society and Economy, 1000-1700During the seven hundred years before the Industrial Revolution, the stage was set for Europe's transformation from a backward agrarian society to a powerful industrialized society. An economic historian of international reputation, Carlo M. Cipolla explores the process that made this transformation possible. In so doing, he sheds light not only on the economic factors but on the culture surrounding them. |
Contents
DEMAND | 3 |
NEEDS WANTS AND EFFECTIVE DEMAND | 5 |
INCOME AND ITS DISTRIBUTION | 7 |
TYPES OF DEMAND | 22 |
PUBLIC DEMAND | 37 |
DEMAND OF THE CHURCH | 45 |
FOREIGN DEMAND | 49 |
THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION | 53 |
THE SPREAD OF TECHNOLOGY | 154 |
ENTERPRISE CREDIT AND MONEY | 160 |
MONETARY TRENDS | 165 |
PRODUCTION INCOMES AND CONSUMPTION 10001500 | 183 |
13001500 | 198 |
THE EMERGENCE OF THE MODERN AGE | 209 |
EUROPEAN EXPANSION | 211 |
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION | 227 |
LABOR | 54 |
CAPITAL | 80 |
NATURAL RESOURCES | 91 |
ORGANIZATION | 94 |
PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION | 97 |
MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS | 100 |
POSITIVE PRODUCTION | 107 |
NEGATIVE PRODUCTION | 108 |
TOWARD A DYNAMIC DESCRIPTION | 115 |
THE URBAN REVOLUTION THE COMMUNES | 117 |
POPULATION TRENDS AND PLAGUES | 123 |
TECHNOLOGY | 137 |
AN ENERGY CRISIS | 231 |
THE CHANGING BALANCE OF ECONOMIC POWER IN EUROPE | 234 |
THE DECLINE OF SPAIN | 237 |
THE DECLINE OF ITALY | 241 |
THE RISE OF THE NORTHERN NETHERLANDS | 249 |
THE RISE OF ENGLAND | 259 |
EPILOGUE | 276 |
APPENDIX TABLES | 281 |
NOTES | 287 |
| 303 | |
| 324 | |
Other editions - View all
Before the Industrial Revolution: European Society and Economy 1000-1700 Carlo M. Cipolla Limited preview - 2004 |
Before the Industrial Revolution: European Society and Economy 1000-1700 Carlo M. Cipolla Limited preview - 2004 |
Common terms and phrases
activity agricultural Amsterdam Antwerp areas artisans average Baltic Bologna charity Church Cipolla cloth coins consumption craftsmen demand denarius distribution Dutch East economic eighteenth century England English epidemics estimates expansion expenditure exports fact factors factors of production famine fifteenth fixed capital Florence Florentine florins fluyt foreign trade fourteenth century France Genoa Germany gold guilds horses important income increase Industrial Revolution innovations investment Italian Italy labor land London Low Countries Lübeck manufacturing medieval merchants metal Middle Ages Milan million monetary Montaldeo mortality northern percent percentage period Pistoia plague poor preindustrial Europe production Renaissance Republic of Venice rich sail saving sector selected European cities seventeenth century ships silk silver sixteenth and seventeenth sixteenth century social Source Spain Storia Sweden Table technological textiles thirteenth century total population towns Tuscany twelfth century Venetian Venice wages water mills wealth wool woollen workers wrote