NAVY OF ENGLAND, at the time of the Spanish Armada, was only 28 vessels, none larger than frigates. James L. increased 10 ships of 1400 tons, of 64 guns, the largest then ever built. The list of the royal navy of England was, in the years 1803 and 1817.

King's ships in ordinary
in commission

building at different places

Needles first made in England, 1545.

A

Total,

NEWSPAPERS. First paclianel in England, by order of queen Elizabeth, and was entitled the English Mercury, one of which is remaining in the British Museum, dated July 28, 1588. private newspaper, called the Weekly Courant, was printed in London, in 1622. A newspaper was printed by Robert Barker, at Newcastle, in 1639. The Gazette was first published at Oxford, Aug. 22,

1642.

After the revolution, the first daily paper was called the Orange Intelligencer, and from that to 1662, there were 26 newspapers. In 1709, there were 18 weekly and one daily paper, the London Courant.

In 1795, there were 38 published in London, 72 in the country, 13 in Scotland, and 35 in Ireland; in all, 158 papers.

In 1809, there were 63 published in London, 93 in the country, 24 in Scotland, and 37 in Ireland; making a total of 217 newspapers in the United Kingdom.

New-style introduced into England, 1752.

Paper, the manufacture of, introduced into England at Dartford, in Kent, 1588; scarcely any but brown paper made in England till 1690; white paper first made in England, 1690.

Parish registers first introduced by lord Cromwell's order, 1538. Park. the first in England, made by Henry I. at Woodstock, 1123. Penny-post set up in London and suburbs, by one Murray, an upholsterer, 1681.

Pins were first used in England by Catharine Howard, queen of Henry VIII.

Port-holes in ships of war introduced, 1545.

Posts, regular, established between London and most towns of England, Scotland, Ireland, &c. 1635.

Post-horses and stages established, 1483.

Post-offices first established in England, 1581; and made general in England, 1656; and, in Scotland, 1695. Increased as fol

lows:

1,958,806

The first mail conveyed by stage-coaches began Aug. 2, 1785. Potatoes first brought to England from America, by Hawkins, in 1563; introduced into Ireland by sir Walter Raleigh, in 1586.

Printing brought into England by William Caxton, a mercer of
London, 1471, who had a press in Westminster abbey till 1494.
Roads in England first repaired by act of Parliament, 1524.
Sail-cloth first made in England, 1590.
Saltpetre first made in England, 1625.
Scenes first introduced into theatres, 1533.
Shillings first coined in England, 1505.

Ship. The first double-decked one built in England, was of 1000 tons burden, by order of Henry VII. 1509; it was called the Great Harry, and cost £14,000; before this, 24 gun ships were the largest in our navy, and these had no port-holes, the guns being on the upper decks only.

Shoes, of the present fashion, first worn in England, 1633.
Side-saddles first used in England, 1380.

Silk manufactured in England, 1604. First worn by the English clergy, 1534.-Broad-silk manufacture from raw silk introduced into England, 1620.-Lombe's famous silk-throwing machine erected at Derby, 1719.

Soap first made at London and Bristol, 1524.

Steam-boat established between Norwich and Yarmouth, Nov. 1813.-Steam-boat capable of conveying 3000 persons, commenced its passage between Limehouse and Gravesend, Feb. 1815.

Stereotype printing invented by William Ged, a goldsmith of Edinburgh, 1735.

Stirups first used in the sixth century.

Stone buildings first introduced into England, 674.

Sunday Schools first established in Yorkshire, 1784: became general in England and Scotland, in 1789.

Tea, coffee, and chocolate, first mentioned in the statute books, 1660.

Thread first made at Paisley, in 1722.

Tiles first used in England, 1246.

Tobacco first brought into England, 1583.

Towers, high, first erected to churches, in 1000.

Turkeys came into England, 1523.

Watches first brought to England from Germany, 1577.
Water first conveyed to London, by leaden pipes, 1237.
Weavers, two, from Brabant, settled at York, 1331.

Weavers, dyers, cloth-drapers, linen-makers, silk-throwers, &c.
Flemish, settled at Canterbury, Norwich, Sandwich, Colches-
ter, Maidstone, Southampton, &c. on account of the duke of
Alva's persecution, 1567.

Weights and measures fixed to a standard in England in 1257. Wine first made in England, 1140.

Woolen-cloth first made in England in 1331; medley cloths first made, 1614; first dyed and dressed in England, in 1611. Workers, cloth, 70 families of, from the Netherlands, settled in England. by Edward III's invitation, 1330.

VI.

DISCOVERIES AND SETTLING OF BRITISH COLONIES.

AMERICA, North, first discover-Christopher's, St. settled, 1626 ed by Sebastian Cabot, 1497; Georgia erected, 1739.

settled, in 1610.

Heligoland taken, 1808.

Anguilla in the Carribees, first Helena, St. settled, 1651.

planted, 1650.

Antigua settled, 1632.

Hudson's Bay discovered, 1607.
Jamaica conquered, 1656.

Baffin's Bay discovered, 1622. Maryland
Bahama isles taken possession
of, 1718.
Barbadoes discovered and plant-
ed. 1614.

Barbuda planted, 1628.
Bengal conquered, 1758.
Bermuda isles settled, 1612.
Boston, in New-England, built,
1639.

Botany Bay settlement, 1787.

province planted,

1633.
Montserrat planted by England,
1632.

Nevis planted by England, 1628.
New-England planted, 1620.
Newfoundland discovered, 1497,
settled, 1614.

New-Jersey, in America, plant-
ed, 1637.

New-York settled, 1664.

Caledonia, in America. settled, Nova Scotia settled, 1622.

1699.

Pennsylvania charta for plant

Canada taken by England, 1759. ing, 1680.

Cape Breton taken and kept, Sierra Leone coast settled, 1790.

1758.

Cape of Good Hope taken, 1798.
Carolina planted, 1629.
Ceylon taken, 1804.

Surinam planted by England,
1640.

Tobago conquered, 1781.
Virginia, settlement of, 1636.