Natural Capital: Theory and Practice of Mapping Ecosystem ServicesPeter Kareiva In 2005, The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) provided the first global assessment of the world's ecosystems and ecosystem services. It concluded that recent trends in ecosystem change threatened human wellbeing due to declining ecosystem services. This bleak prophecy has galvanized conservation organizations, ecologists, and economists to work toward rigorous valuations of ecosystem services at a spatial scale and with a resolution that can inform public policy. The editors have assembled the world's leading scientists in the fields of conservation, policy analysis, and resource economics to provide the most intensive and best technical analyses of ecosystem services to date. A key idea that guides the science is that the modelling and valuation approaches being developed should use data that are readily available around the world. In addition, the book documents a toolbox of ecosystem service mapping, modeling, and valuation models that both The Nature Conservancy and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) are beginning to apply around the world as they transform conservation from a biodiversity only to a people and ecosystem services agenda. The book addresses land, freshwater, and marine systems at a variety of spatial scales and includes discussion of how to treat both climate change and cultural values when examining tradeoffs among ecosystem services. |
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analysis annual approach areas assume benefits biodiversity biological biomass biophysical calculated carbon sequestration Carbon Stock carbon storage Chapter climate change coastal conservation costs crop cultural decision-making decisions Eastern Arc Mountains Ecological Economics ecosys ecosystem services eelgrass effects emissions Environment estimates example Figure fisheries flood flow forest parcel function global habitat habitat-quality harvest volume household human hydrologic hydropower impacts increase input InVEST irrigation Kamehameha Schools land cover land-use landscape LULC mangroves maps marine ment methods Millennium Ecosystem Assessment mitigation National natural capital nutrient outputs parameter Polasky pollination services potential poverty predict programs protection Puget Sound Q scores range rates region relative represents RMBV runoff scenario Science score soil spatial species storm peak supply Tanzania tier 2 model tion tourism trade-offs valuation variables vegetation water yield watershed wetlands Willamette Basin