Statistics Explained: A Guide for Social Science StudentsThis text outlines the major statistical tests used by undergraduates in the social sciences. It provides easy-to-understand explanations of how and why they are used and aims to make statistics much less mysterious. |
Contents
Measures of spread | 11 |
Comparing scores from different distributions | 24 |
Introduction to hypothesis testing | 33 |
The logic of hypothesis testing | 39 |
Sampling | 45 |
Summary | 54 |
When we do not have the known population standard | 62 |
Selecting samples for comparison | 69 |
One factor ANOVA for ranked | 225 |
The Friedman test for related samples | 232 |
Analysing frequency data | 239 |
Chisquare x² as a test of independence | 246 |
Linear correlation | 253 |
Linear regression | 262 |
Problems with correlation and regression | 268 |
Multiple correlation | 275 |
The interpretation of sample differences | 75 |
The assumptions of the two sample t test | 81 |
Significance error and power | 91 |
Conclusion | 101 |
The process of analysing variability | 110 |
One factor independent | 117 |
Rejecting the null hypothesis | 125 |
The Tukey test for all pairwise comparisons | 131 |
One factor repeated measures | 141 |
Multiple comparisons | 151 |
The interaction of factors | 153 |
Dividing up the between conditions sums of squares | 159 |
Calculating the two factor | 165 |
The two factor mixed design ANOVA | 177 |
The two factor repeated measures ANOVA | 188 |
A nonsignificant interaction | 200 |
Calculating ranks | 206 |
The Wilcoxon signedranks test for related samples | 218 |
Multiple correlation | 281 |
Using statistics programs | 289 |
Notes | 295 |
Glossary | 297 |
Appendix Statistical tables | 303 |
The standard normal distribution tables | 306 |
Critical values of the t distribution | 307 |
Critical values of the F distribution | 308 |
Critical values of the Studentized range statistic q | 310 |
Critical values of the MannWhitney U statistic | 311 |
Critical values of the Wilcoxon T statistic | 313 |
Critical values of the chisquare x² distribution | 314 |
Table of probabilities for x² when k and n are small | 315 |
Critical values of the Pearson r correlation coefficient | 316 |
Critical values of the Spearman r ranked correlation S | 317 |
| 319 | |
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Statistics Explained: A Guide for Social Science Students Perry Roy Hinton No preview available - 1995 |
Common terms and phrases
a z score analysis of variance assumptions boys calculated value chance Chapter comparison conditions variance Critical values Cyadmine degrees of freedom dferror difference scores distribution of sample estimate examination performance example experiment F distribution F value Figure formula frequency distribution Friedman test girls hothousing hypothesis is true hypothesis testing independent measures ANOVA independent variable intelligence interaction interval scale known distribution level of significance look mean square median n₁ null hypothesis number of conditions number of scores number of subjects one-tailed test population mean positive probability random errors ranks regression line reject the null repeated measures researcher sample means sample standard deviation sampling distribution science subjects significance level significant difference simple main effects SSbet.conds standard error standard normal distribution summary table sums of squares systematic differences table value Type I error unknown usual-IQ distribution Variance ratio X₁ zero ΣΧ ΣΧ²