Pleasure Wars

admired aesthetic Alfred Lichtwark American antibourgeois architect architecture artists avant-garde Baudelaire Berlin Bode bought bour bourgeois Bourgeois Experience bourgeoisie bourgeoisophobes Brahms Bürger called canvases century Cézanne Charles Charles Hallé collection collectors concert contemporary Courbet decades Der Blaue Reiter Dutch early Eduard Hanslick English essays exhibition Flaubert France French Freud Friedrich Gallery Gauguin Gautier geois German Geschichte Hallé Hanslick Havemeyer Henry James high culture historian ibid Impressionists John less Lichtwark Liebermann literary literature lovers Ludwig Manchester Manchester's Manet middle classes modern modernist Monet Munich museum nineteenth nineteenth-century novel numbers offered once orchestra painters paintings Paris patron Peter Gay philistines Picasso Pissarro pleasure poet political portrait royal Sainte-Beuve Salon social society style Symphony taste Theodor Fontane Théophile Théophile Gautier Thoré tion Victorian Victorian bourgeois vols Voysey Wagener Wagner Wilde Wilde's Wilhelm Wilhelm von Bode wrote Zola