24. Take eight from seventeen; how many will remain? 25. Take nine from sixteen; how many will remain? 26. Take nine from eighteen; how many will remain?

RULE.

Place the larger number uppermost, and the smaller one under it, so that units may stand under units; tens under tens; hundreds under hundreds, &c. Draw a line underneath, and beginning with units, subtract the lower from the upper figure, and set down the remainder.But when in any place the lower figure is larger than the upper, call the upper one ten more than it really is; subtract the lower figure from the upper, considering it as having ten added to it, set down the remainder, and add one to the next left figure of the lower line, and proceed thus through the whole.

PROOF.

Add the remainder and the less line together, and if the work be right, their sum will be equal to the greater

APPLICATION.

1. A ship's crew consisted of 75 men, 21 of whom died at sea. How many arrived safe in port?

Ans. 54 men.

2. A boy had 100 miles to travel, and went 33 miles the first day. How far had he still to go?

Ans, 67 miles. 3. A tree had 647 appies on it, but 158 of them feli off. How many were there then remaining on the tree? Ans. 489 apples.

4. A boy put 1000 nuts into a basket and afterwards took out 650. How many were left in the basket? Ans. 350 nuts. 5. A general had an army of 43250 men, 15342 of them deserted. How many remained?

Ans. 27908 men.

Question 1. What does Subtraction teach?

2. How do you place the larger and smaller numbers?

3. What do you do when the lower number is larger than the upper number?

4. How is a sum in subtraction proved?

Exercises for the slate under the two preceding Rules.

1. I saw 15 ladies pass up street, and 8 down street. How many passed both ways? Ans. 23 ladies. 2. A boy who had 15 buttons upon his jacket, lost off 7 of them. How many were left on?

Ans. 8 buttons.

3. A man bought a barrel of flour for 10 dollars, a barrel of molasses for 29 dollars, and a barrel of rum for 36 dollars. How much did he pay for all the articles? Ans. 75 dollars. 4. A man bought a chaise for 175 dollars, and to pay for it gave a wagon worth 37 dollars and the rest in money. How much money did he pay.

Ans. 138 dollars. 5. James bought at one time 89 apples, at another 54, at another 60, and at another 75. How many did he Ans. 278 apples.

in all?

6. A merchant bought a piece of cloth containing 489 yards, and sold 365 yards. How many yards had he left? Ans. 124 yards.

7. Suppose my neighbour should borrow of me at one time 656 dollars, at another 50 dollars, at another 3655 dollars, and at another 5000 dollars; how much should I lend him in all? Ans. 9361 dollars.

8. Charles has 42 marbles and John has 25. How many has Charles more than John? Ans. 17 marbles. 9. If Charles give John 200 nuts, and James give him 56, and Joseph give him 195; how many will John have? Ans. 451 nuts. 10. My friend owed me 150 dollars, but has paid me 90 dollars. How much does he still owe me?

Ans. 60 dollars. 11. If you buy 20 peaches for 40 cents, and sell 15 for 35 cents, how many peaches will you have left, and how much will they cost you?

Ans. 5 peaches, & will cost 5 cents.

12. A person went to collect money, and received of one man 90 dollars; of another 140 dollars; of another 101 dollars, and of another 29 dollars. How much did he collect in all? Ans, 360 dollars.

13. A man deposited in bank 8752 dollars, and drew out at one time 4234 dollars, at another 1700 dollars, at another 962 dollars, and at another 49 dollars. How much had he remaining in bank? Ans. 1807 dollars. 14. Gen. Washington was born 1732, and died in 1799. How old was he when he died?

Ans. 67 years. 15. A man owed 11,989 dollars. He paid at one time 2875 dollars; at another 4243; at another 3000 dollars. How much did he still owe?

Ans. 1871 dollars.

16. A man travelled till he found himself 1300 miles On his return, he travelled in one week the next 275; in the next 325, and in How far had he still to go before he would reach home? Ans. 175 miles.

from home. 235 miles; in the next 290.

SIMPLE MULTIPLICATION.

Simple Multiplication teaches a short method of finding what a number amounts to when repeated a given number of times, and thus performs Addition in a very expeditious manner.

1. What will four apples cost at two cents a piece? 2. What must you give for two oranges, at six cents a piece?

3. What are two barrels of flour worth, at five dollars a barrel?

4. What will three pounds of butter come to, at three cents a pound?

5. If you can walk four miles in one hour, how far can you walk in three hours?

6. If a cent will buy five nuts, how many nuts will four cents buy?

7. What are two barrels of cider worth, at three dollars a barrel?

8. If you give four cents for a yard of tape, how many cents will buy three yards?

9. If I put in your pocket five apples at three different times, how many apples will you have in your pocket? How many are three times five?

10. If four boys have each four apples, how many have they all? How many are four times four?

11. What will six marbles cost at three cents a piece? How many are six times three?

12. A horse has four legs. How many legs have five horses? How many are four times five?

13. I gave six boys four peaches each. How many did I give them all? How many are six times four?

14. How many cents will buy ten marbles if onc cost three cents? How many are three times ten?

15. If I can walk three miles in one hour, how far can I walk in six hours?

Before entering upon this Rule, let the pupil so learn the following table, as to answer with readiness any question implied in it; after which, he will be able to proceed with facility.

MULTIPLICATION TABLE.

Twice

3 times 4 times [ 5 times | 6 times Imake 2 1make 3 1make 4 Imake 5 1make 6

7 times 1make 7

Though the foregoing table extends no farther than 12, it may be easily continued farther; and if pupils were to extend it, and commit it to memory, as far as 30 or 40, it would afford them great advantage in their progress.

The number to be multiplied is called the multiplicand.

The number which multiplies is called the multiplier.* The number produced by the operation is called the product.

*The multiplier and multiplicand are called Factors.