Energy-Efficient Electric Motors and their ApplicationsIn this revised and expanded edition, Howard E. Jordan explains-in a clear manner-the technology of energy efficient electric motors including motor losses, testing, and efficiency labeling. He also discusses how to calculate the return on investment for an energy efficient motor in addition to several other subjects related to effective motor applications. New chapters explore permanent magnet synchronous motors and transistor pulse-width-modulated inverters. Engineers, purchasing managers, and executives who make decisions on motor selection will find this an invaluable reference. |
Contents
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
12 Energy Usage Profile | 2 |
TECHNOLOGY OF ENERGYEFFICIENT MOTORS | 5 |
22 Five Components of Motor Losses | 7 |
23 Calculation of Loss Reduction | 12 |
24 Economic Payback Calculations | 15 |
SELECTION AND APPLICATION OF ENERGYEFFICIENT MOTORS | 23 |
32 Matching the Motor to the Load | 24 |
62 EnergyEfficient SinglePhase Motors | 102 |
63 Synchronous Motors ExcitedField Type | 104 |
64 PermanentMagnet Synchronous Motors | 107 |
ADJUSTABLESPEED DRIVES | 117 |
72 dc Drives | 121 |
73 ac DrivesInverters | 123 |
74 Transistor PulseWidthModulated Inverters | 127 |
75 LoadCommutated Inverter Drive | 132 |
33 Applications Which Do Not Benefit from EnergyEfficient Motors | 28 |
34 Replacement versus Repair | 32 |
35 Multispeed Motors | 34 |
36 Load Shedding Saves Energy | 41 |
37 Calculation of Acceleration Losses when Retarding Load Torque is Present | 48 |
38 Unbalanced Voltage | 50 |
39 Other Unusual Service Conditions | 54 |
310 Keeping Motors Running | 55 |
EFFICIENCY LABELING AND VERIFICATION | 61 |
42 Efficiency Labeling | 63 |
43 Testing of Induction Motors | 66 |
44 International Testing Standards for Motors | 74 |
POWER FACTOR | 77 |
52 Power Factor Penalty Cost Example | 82 |
53 Power Factor Correction | 83 |
54 Calculation of Power Factor Correction KVAC | 87 |
55 SelfExcitation of Induction Machines | 89 |
SINGLEPHASE AND SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS | 95 |
76 FrequencyVoltage Relationships and Starting for Motors Used with AdjustableSpeed Drives | 133 |
77 Harmonics and Their Effect on Motor Losses | 136 |
78 Brushless dc Motors and Drives | 144 |
ac MOTOR CONTROL AND PROTECTION STARTING RUNNING PROTECTION AND SURGE PROTECTION | 151 |
82 AcrosstheLine Starting | 153 |
83 PrimaryImpedance Starting | 155 |
84 Autotransformer Starting | 156 |
85 WyeDelta Starting | 159 |
86 PartWinding Starting | 161 |
87 SolidState Electronic Starting | 164 |
88 Synchronous Motor Starting | 165 |
89 Motor Overtemperature Protection Methods | 168 |
811 Overload Relays | 170 |
812 Thermostats | 173 |
813 Embedded Temperature Detectors | 175 |
814 SolidState Protection | 176 |
| 185 | |
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Common terms and phrases
acceleration across-the-line adjustable-speed drive applications armature Autotransformer auxiliary winding brushless dc motor calculated capacitance capacitors cause coil conductor material connected cost cycle cycle savings dc drives Design B motors diagram electric motors energy savings energy usage energy-efficient motor equivalent circuit Figure flux frequency friction and windage full-load harmonic horsepower horsepower rating I2r losses IEEE increase induction motor inrush current inverter iron losses kilowatts kW.sec load torque machine magnetic field method motor drives motor efficiency motor losses motor terminals motor winding motors operating multispeed motor negative-sequence NEMA output overload relay phase phasor poles polyphase power factor correction pump rated load reduced rotating rotor samarium secondary I²r self-excitation shown in Fig single-phase motor slip solid-state speed-torque curve starter starting torque stator stator winding stray-load loss surge switching synchronous motor synchronous speed thermostat thyristors tion torque typical usually versus volt-amperes waveforms