Years
after

CHRIST. 4th Period.

MODERN HISTORY.

RELIGIOUS.

THE FOUNDATION OF THE PAPAL SOVEREIGNTY.

962 OTHO, confirms to the See of Rome the donations of Pepin and

996

1009

1048
1053

1073

Charlemagne.

Concordate between GREGORY V. and OTHO III. uniting the Crowns

of ROME and GERMANY for ever.

The Saracens ravage Jerusalem.

The POPE, now CROWNED for the first time.

Schism of the Greek and Latin Churches.The Pope excommu-
nicates the Patriarch of Constantinople, and the Greeks.-Edward
the Confessor, King of England.

Hildebrand, Gregory VII., exalts the Papacy above the Empire.
1076 Submission of the Emperor, Henry IV., to Gregory.
St. Bruno founds the Order of Carthusians.

1084
1096

1099

1100
1106
1122
1141

1147

1153

1178

1188

1203

1226

1243

1253

1256

1268

1272

1310
1346

1365
1362

1378

1418

1407
1414

1452

1480
1500

1513

1519

First Cruzade.--Godfrey of Bouillon.---Urban II.

Jerusalem taken from the Saracens:-Is erected into a kingdom :--
The Order of Knights of St. John of Jerusalem instituted.
Incorporation of the University of Paris.

Contest in Eng. concerning the Investiture of Bishops.---St. Anselm
First General Lateran Council; for the Recovery of the Holy Land.
Abelard---St. Bernard-Peter Lombard, Master of the Sentences.
Second Cruzade.-1164. Council of Clarendon.-Tho. à Becket.
Party of the Guelfs and Gibbelines.-Univ. of Cambridge f.
The Pope, Alexander III., sends a Legate into Tartary to Prester
John.--Benj. of Tudela.-Maimonides.

Third Cruzade...Jerusalem taken by Saladin.

Fourth Cruzade.-1204. The Inquisition founded by St. Dominic.
Persecution of the Albigenses, or early Reformers.--Univ. of Padua f.
The Fifth Cruzadie.--St. Lewis departs for the Holy Land.
The University of the Sorbonne founded.---Mat. Paris.--Albert M.
Thomas Aquinas.-- Roger Bacon.

Loss of the Holy Land by the Christians.---Antioch taken.
Foundation of the Academy of Florence.--Many similar Societies
formed about this time.-Raymond Lully.

Dante.--1340. Petrarch-Boccacio---Chaucer.

Foundation of the Univ. of Valladolid.--1348. Univ. of Prague.
Univ. of Vienna and Geneva founded.-87. of Sienna, and Cologne.
Wickliff exposes the Church of Rome; and prepares the Reforma-
ticn. His disciples are denominated Lollards, and suffer severe
Persecution. He translates the Holy Scriptures into English.
Great Schism of the Western Church; two Popes claiming the papal
dignity, and being severally abetted by different Powers.

John Huss preaches the Reformation of the Church, in Bohemia.
The Council of Constance---condemns the doctrines of Wickliff,
John Huss, and Jerom of Prague; and causes the two latter to be
burnt alive.

Last Coronation of an Emperor in Rome---Frederick III. Emperor.
The Inquisition established in Spain, under Ferdinand and Isabella.
The Popes acquire the absolute Dominion of ROME --Machiavel.
LEO X.-Erasmus--F. Ximenes--Poggio--Lewis Vives--Reuchlin, &c.
LUTHER, opposes the scandalous abuse of INDULGENCES.

THE REVIVAL OF LETTERS, AND REFORMATION.

962

975

987

1002 1017 1056 1066

1087

1100

1106 1135

1152

1154

1189 1199 1216

1226 1271

1273

1282

1283

1302 1307 1327

1338 1350 1355 1377 1399

1118

1422

1440 1461

1471

1483

1485

MODERN HISTORY.

FOURTH, or GERMANIC HEAD

of ROMAN EMPIRE.
OTHO, EMP. of the ROMANS.
Edward, the Mart. King of E.
Hugh Capet, Kg. of Fr.: foun-
der of the third and last race.
Henry II. D. of Bavaria, Emp.
Canute, the Dane, K. of Eng.
Henry IV. Emperor.
William, of Normandy, King
of Eng. conquers Harold.
William II. King of England.
Philip I. King of France.
Henry I. King of England.-
Lewis VI. le Gros, K. of Fr.
Henry V. Emperor.
Stephen, King of England.--1130 Alexis II. Emperor. - 1179.
Lewis VII. King of France.
Frederick Barbarossa, Emp.
Henry II. King of England.---|
Phil. Aug. King of France.
Richard I. King of England. --
John, Kg. of E.--Magna Charta.
Henry III. King of England.--
Lewis VIII. King of France.
St. Lewis IX. King of France.]
Edward I. King of England.--
Philip III. IV. Kings of Fr.
Rodolph, of Hapsburgh, Emp.
the first of the Aust. family.
The Sicilian Vespers.
Wales conq.-united to Eng.
The Mariners' Compass inv.
Edward II. King of England.
Edward III. King of Eng.
28. Phil. de Valois, K. of F.
Gunpowder invented in Germ.
Order of the Garter instituted.
Charles VI. Emp.--Gold Bull.
Richard II. King of England.
Henry IV. Kg. of Englaud.-
Charles VI. King of France.
Henry V. King of England.
Heury VI. King of England.-
Charles VII. Kg. of France.
The Art of Printing invented.
Edward IV. K. of England.-
Lewis XI. King of France.
Lorenzo di Medici.
Edward V. Kg. of England.-
Richard III. King.

Henry VII. Kg. of England.-
Vasco di Gama.-Columbus.

-1284. Abulfaragius. 1299 Ottoman, Founder of the present Turkish Empire. 1309 The Knights of St. John of Jerusalem occupy Rhodes. Abulfeda, Prince of Syria, the great Arabian Geographer. 1341 John Paleologus, Eniperor. 1370 The Turks first enter Europe, 1387

1321

under Amurath I.

Bajazet, his son invests Constantinople. 1391 Manuel Paleol. Emp. 1402 Tamerlane, the Mogul, defeats Bajazet.

1421 Amurath II. invests Constant. 1444 Scanderbeg, defends Albania. 1448 CONSTANTINE PALEOLOGUS,

1453

LAST EMP.
Constantinople taken by MA
HOMET II.

EXTINCTION of the SECOND, or
GR. HEAD of ROMAN EMP.

Years after CHRIST.

1453

1519 1529

1535

1547

1558

5th PERIOD.

MODERN HISTORY.

RELIGIOUS.

THE REVIVAL OF LETTERS, AND REFORMATION.
Luther--Melancthon--Bucer-Zuinglius--ŒEcolampadius -Calvin, &c.
The naine of Protestant, first used in the Diet of Spires.-1530. Con-
fession of Augsburgh.-1531. League of Smalkalde.
Order of Jesuits founded, by St. Ignatius Loyala.

The Reformation established in England, under King Edward VI. 1549 The Council of Trent: efforts of the Church of Rome to consolidate its remaining power.-Polyd. Virgil-Copernicus-Jul. Scaliger. 1553 Temporary revival of Popery in England, under Queen Mary. Final overthrow of Popery in England, under Queen Elizabeth. Puritans, or Calvinistic Protestants, first appear in England. Massacre of Fr. Protestants; St. Barthol.-ileresy of F. & L. Socinus. Pope Gregory XIII. corrects the CALENDAR.-Joseph ScaligerTycho Brahe-Torquatus Tasso.

1572

1582

1590 F. Bacon, Ld. Verulain--Father Paul Sarpi-Thuanus, or de ThouCasaubon, &c.-1598. The Edict of Nantes.

1605

1618 1640

1648

1649 1660

Conspiracy of the Popish party in England, Nov. 5.-Guido Fawkes.
The Synod of Dort, against Aminius.-Joseph Mede-Buxtorf.
Galileo-Grotius-Des Cartes-Gassendi-Bochart-Br. Walton-
Marsham, &c.

The Peace of Westphalia, or Munster, between the Protestant and
Roman Catholic States; confirming the privileges of the former.
The Church and State of England subverted.-Milton-Selden.
The Church and State of England restored.-Religion, Learning, and
Science, flourish eminently in Brit.-The Royal Society founded.
Robert Boyle-Isaac Barrow-Bishop Pearson, &c.
1663 The R. Academy of Inscriptions:-1666. The R. Acad. of Sciences:
established at Paris.-1681. W. Penn, founds Pennsylvania.
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes.

1685 1688

1752

Burnet-Locke-Tillotson-Prideaux-Bossuet-Fenelon-Sherlock -Bull-Hyde-Ray-Puffendorf-Herbelot-Bayle-Vitringa, &c, Sir Isaac Newton-Leibnitz-Wallis-Halley-Flainstead-Cassini A spirit of sophistry, metaphysical scepticism, and active infidelity, distinguishes the beginning and progress of this century, and prepares the way for the calamities which have so awfully characterized its conclusion.-The names of Addison, Butler, Leland, Johnson, Beattie, &c. are consecrated by their opposition to the impieties of Hobbes, Hume, Voltaire, Gibbon, &c.

The Calendar is corrected in England, and the Old, or Julian Style, changed for the Gregorian.

1769 Pope Clement XIV., Ganganelli, suppresses the Order of the Jesuits. 1789 The moral and intellectual disorder of this century at length produces a GENERAL REVOLUTION IN CHRISTENDOM.

1304

1810 1811

1814

The Gallican Church subverted.-Monastic orders suppressed.-Civil|
and religious licentiousness, propagated in Europe.-Anc. Crowns
and States extinguished.-New Crowns and Kingdoms erected.
Pope PIUS VII. consecrates Napoleon Buonaparte EMPEROR OF
FRANCE, at Paris; with whom he enters into a Concordate, for
regulating the Church of France.

ROME annexed by Napoleon to THE FRENCH EMPIRE.
The Pope imprisoned by Napoleon.

A League of THE HEADS of all the CHRISTIAN COMMUNIONS succeed in
extinguishing the NEW FRENCH EMP.-The POPE restored to ROME.

1493

1519

MODERN HISTORY.

SECULAR.

CONTINUATION of the FOURTII,|| 1453 EXTINCTION of the SECOND,
or GERMANIC HEAD of RO
or GREEK. HEAD of ROMAN

MAN EMPIRE.

1509 Henry VIII. Kg. of England.
Sir Tho. More--Wolsey.
Charles V. Emp.-1513. Fran-
cis I. King of France.
Edward VI. King of England.
Mary I. Queen of England.
Elizabeth Q. of E.-Spencer.
Ferdinand I. Emp. Sidney.
Maximil. II. E. Shakspeare.

1547

1553 1558

1564

1588

The defeat of the Invincible Armada, of Philip II. King of Spain.Sir Francis Drake.-1600. East India Company incorporated. 1589 Henry IV. King of France.-First of the House of Bourbon.-Sully. 1595 Henry IV. embraces the Romish Faith.-Mayenne--Conde--Coligny. 1603 James I. King of England and Scotland.-Buckingham-Raleigh. Lewis XIII. King of France.-Richelieu.

1610

1619 1625

1643 1653

1658

1660

1685 1688

1697

1702

1713 1714 1727

1748 1760

1763

1783

1789

1792

1793

1800

1802

1803

1804

1806

1812

1813

1814

Beginning of the 30 Yrs. War, concluded by the Peace of Westphalia.
Charles I, King of England and Scotland.-Beheaded 1649.-Straf-
ford-Archbishop Laud-Falkland-Hampden.

Lewis XIV. Kg. of Fr.-Mazarin-Turenne.-Edict of Nantes rev.
(Cromwell.)-Estab. of the Naval pre-em. of Eng. by the victories of
Leopold I. E. [Blake--Monk-Deane--Penn--Lawson-over the Dutch.
Charles II. Kg. of E. and S. restored.--Clarendon--Ormond-Temple.
James II. King of Eng. and Scot.-abdicates the Crown, 1688.
William III. (P. of Orange) and Mary II. K. and Q. of E.--Ld. Somers.
Peter the Great, Czar of Moscovy.-Charles XII. King of Sweden.
Anne, Queen of Great Britain.-Union of England and Scotland.
The Peace of Utrecht.-Marlborough-Addison.

George I. Elector of Hanover, Arch-Treasurer of THE ROMAN EM-
George II. King of Great Britain. [PIRE, ascends the British throne.
The Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle.-Frederic III. King of Prussia.
GFORGE III. King of Great Britain, &c. begins his long, glorions,
The Peace of Paris.-1774. Lewis XVI. [and exemplary reign.
The Peace of Versailles.

The REVOLUTION of FRANCE.- Beginning of the miseries of the kingd.
LEWIS XVI. King of France, his Queen, and Sis'er, beheaded.
War with the new State of France.

Union of Great Britain and Ireland.-Rt. Hon. William Pitt.

The Peace of Amiens.-Admiral Lord Nelson.

Failure of that Peace, and renewal of the War with France.

THE FRENCH EMPIRE.-NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE.

Francis II last Rom. Emp.-Fall of GERM. HEAD of ROM. EMP. and title of AUGUSTUS.

H. R. H. GEORGE PR. REG. assumes the full Sovereignty of these realins.

The army of Napoleon annihilated in Russia.

Napoleon totally routed in Saxony.

Paris taken by the Allied Powers.-Alexander, Emp. of Russia.

THE NEW FRENCH EMPIRE EXTINGUISHED.

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