domeftic endearments,--as much joy and comfort in his children, and as flattering hopes of their doing well, --to enliven his hours and glad his heart, as you could conceive in the molt affluent ftation.--And I make no doubt, in general, but if the true account of his joys and sufferings were to be balanced with thofe of his betters,--that the upfhot would prove to be little more than this, that the rich man had the more meat, -but the poor man the better ftomach; the one had more luxury,-more able phyficians to attend and fet him to rights; -the other more health and foundness in his bones, and lefs occafion for their help; that, after thefe two articles between them were balanced,-in all other things they stood upon a level that the fun fhines as warm,-the air blows as fresh,the earth breathes as fragrant upon the one as the other, and that they have an equal fhare in all the beauties and real benefits of nature.-Sterne.

RIGHTS of MAN.

ABSURD prejudices have perverted human reafon, and even flifled that initine which teaches animals to resist oppreffion and tyranny. Multitudes of the human race really believe themfelves to be the property of a small number of men who opprefs them. Such is the fatal progrefs of that original error, which impofture has either produced or kept up in the mind of man. May true knowledge revive thofe rights of reasonable beings, which, to be recovered, need only to be felt! Sages of the earth, philofophers of every nation, it is your's alone to make laws by pointing out these rights to your fellow citizens. Take the glorious refolution to instruct your fellow creatures, and be affured, that if truth is longer in diffufing and establishing itself than error, yet its empire is more folid and lafting. Error paffes away; but truth remains. Mankind, allured by the expectation of happiness, the road to which you will show them, will liften to you with attention. Excite a fenfe of fhame in the breafts of thofe numerous hireling flaves, who are always ready at the command of their mailers, to destroy their fellow citizens. Roufe all the powers of human nature to oppofe this fubverfion of focial laws. Teach mankind that liberty is the inftitution of God; authority that of Expofe thofe myfterious arts which hold the world in chains and darkness; let the people be fenfible how far their credulity has been impofed upon, let them re-affume with one accord, the ufe of their faculties, and vindicate the honor of the human race.. -Abbe Raynal.

man.

WE hold thefe truths to be felf-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among thefe are life, liberty, and the purfuit of happiness; that to fecure thefe rights, governments are inflituted among men, deriving their just powers from the confent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes dellructive of thefe ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolifh it, and to inftitute new government, laying its foundation on fuch principles, and organizing its powers in fuch form, as to them fhall feem molt likely to effect their fafety and happinefs. Prudence, indeed, will dictate, that governments long eftablifhed fhould not be changed for light and tranfient caufes; and accordingly all experience has fhewn, that mankind are more difpofed to fuffer, while evils are fufferable, than to right themfelves by abolishing the forms to which they are accullomed.-But when a long train of abufes and ufurpations, purfuing invariably the fame object, evinces a defign to reduce them under abfolute defpotifm, it is their right, it is their duty to throw off fuch government, and to provide new guards for their future fecurity.-Declaration of Independence.

ALL men have certain natural, effential and inherent rights -among which are the enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, poffeffing, and protecting property; and, in a word, of feeking and obtaining happiness.-Conflitution of NewHampshire.

ALL power is inherent in the people; and all free governments are founded on their authority, and inflituted for their peace, fafety, and happiness. For the advancement of those ends, they have, at all times, an unalienable and indefeafble right, to alter, reform, or abolish their government, in such manner as they may think proper.-Conflitution of Pennfylvania.

THE citizens have a right, in a peaceable manner to affemble together for their common good, and to apply to thofe invefted with the powers of government, for redrefs of grievances, or other proper purposes, by petition, addrefs, or remonftrance.-Idem.

THE right of the citizens to bear arms in defence of themfelves and the flate, fhall not be queftioned.-Idem.

PERSONS intrufted with the legislative and executive powers, are the truftees and fervants of the public, and, as such, accountable for their conduct; wherefore, whenever the ends of government are perverted, and public liberty manifeftly endan

gered, by the legislative fingly, or a treacherous combination of both, the people may, and of right ought, to eftablish a new, or reform the old government.-Conftitution of Delaware.

THE right, in the people, to participate in the legislature, is the foundation of liberty and of all free government; and for this end, all elections ought to be free and frequent; and every freeman, having fufficient evidence of a permanent common interest with, and attachment to the community, hath a right of fuffrage.--Idem.

ALL government of right originates from the people, is founded in compact only, and inftituted folely for the good of the wl ol-Conftitution of Maryland.

NO man or fet of men are entitled to exclufive or feparate emoluments or privileges from the community, but in confideration of public fervices.-Conftitution of North-Carolina.

THE people have a right to affemble together, to confult for their common good, to instruct their representatives, and to apply to the legislature, for redrefs of grievances.-Idem.

ALL power being originally inherent in, and confequently derived from the people; therefore, all officers of government whether legislative or executive, are their trustees and fervants, and at all times, in a legal way, accountable to them.-Confli tution of Vermont.

GOVERNMENT is, or ought to be, instituted for the common benefit, protection, and fecurity of the people, nation, or community, and not for the particular emolument or advantage of any fingle man, family, or fet of men, who are a part only of that community and the community hath an indubitable, unalienable, and indefeafible right, to reform or alter government, in fuch manner as fhall be, by that community, judged to be most conducive to the public weal.--Idem.

:

ALL power is inherent in the people; and all free governments are founded on their authority, and inflituted for their peace, fafety, and happinefs: for the advancement of thofe ends, they have at all times an unalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform, or abolish the government in fuch manner as they may think proper.-Conflitution of Tenneffee.

RICH and POOR.

THEIR's is yon house that holds the parish poor,
Whofe walls of mud fearce bear the broken door;
There where the putrid vapours flagging play,
And the dull wheel hums doleful through the day:

Rich and Poor.

There children dwell, who know no parents' care,
Parents, who know no children's love, dwell there;
Heart-broken matrons on their joyless bed,
Forfaken wives, and mothers never wed;
Dejected widows with unheeded tears,

And crippled age with more than childhood fears!
The lame, the blind--and, far the happiest they!
The moping ideot and the madman gay.

Here too the fick their final doom receive,
Here brought, amid the fcenes of grief, to grieve:
Where the loud groans from fome fad chamber flow
Mixt with the clamours of the croud below;
Here, forrowing, they each kindred forrow fcan,
And the cold charities of man to man :
Whofe laws indeed for ruin'd age provide,

And ftrong Compulfion plucks the fcrap from Pride;
But ftill that fcrap is bought with many a sigh,
And Pride embitters what it can't deny.

Say ye, oppreft by fome fantastic woes,
Some jarring nerve that baffles your repose:
Who prefs the downy couch, while flaves advance
With timid eye, to read the distant glance;
Who with fad pray'rs the weary doctor tease,
To name the nameless, ever-new disease ;
Who with mock patience dire complaints endure,
Which real pain and that alone can cure;
How would ye bear in real pain to lie,
Defpis'd, neglected, left alone to die?
How would you bear to draw your latest breath,
Where all that's wretched paves the way for death?
Such is that room which one rude beam divides,
And naked rafters form the floping fides;

Where the vile bands that bind the thatch are seen,
And lath and mud are all that lie between,

Save one dull pane, that, coarfely patched, gives way
To the rude tempeft, yet excludes the day:
Here, on a matted flock, with duft o'erfpread,
The drooping wretch reclines his languid head;
For him no hand the cordial cup applies,
Nor wipes the tear that ftagnates in his eyes;
No friends with foft difcourfe his pain beguile,
Nor promise hope till fickness wears a fmile.-Crabbe.

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IF you fhould fee a flock of pigeons in a field of corn; and if (inftead of each picking where, and what it liked,

taking just as much as it wanted and no more) you fhall fee ninety-nine of them gathering all they get into a heap; referving nothing for themfelves, but the chaff and refufe; keeping this heap for one, and that the weakest perhaps, and worit pigeon of the flock; fitting round and looking on, all the winter, whilst this one was devouring, throwing about, and wafting it; and, if a pigeon more hardy or hungry than the reft, touched a grain of the hoard, all the others inftantly flying upon it, and tearing it to pieces: if you fhould fee this, you would fee nothing more, than what is every day practifed and established among men. Among men you fee the ninety and nine, toiling and fcraping together a heap of fuperfluities for one; getting nothing for themselves all the while, but a little of the coarfett of provision, which their own labour produces; and this one oftentimes the feebleft and worst of the whole fet, a child, a woman, a madman, or a fool; looking quietly on, while they fee the fruits of all their labour fpent or fpoiled; and if one of them take or touch a particle of it, the others join against him, and hang him for the theft. -Paley.

THE most obvious divifion of fociety, is into rich and poor; and it is no les obvious, that the number of the former bears a great difproportion to thofe of the latter. The whole business of the poor is to adminifter to the idleness, folly, and luxury of the rich; and that of the rich, in return, is to find the best methods of confirming the flavery and increafing the burdens of the poor. In a state of nature, it is an invariable law, that a man's acquifitions are in proportion to his labours. In a ftate of artificial fociety, it is a law as conftant and as invariable, that thofe who labour moit, enjoy the fewest things; and that those who labour not at all have the greatest number of enjoyments. A conflitution of things this, ftrange and ridiculous beyond expreffion. We fcarce believe a thing when we are told it, which we actually fee before our eyes every day without being the leaft furprised. I fuppofe that there are in Great-Britain upwards of an hundred thousand people employed in lead, tin, copper, and coal mines; thefe unhappy wretches fcarcely ever fee the light of the sun ; they are buried in the bowels of the earth; there they work at a fevere and difmal task, without the leaft profpect of being delivered from it; they fubfift upon the coarfest and worst fort of fare; they have their health miferably impaired, and their lives cut fhort, by being perpetually confined in the clofe