recollect that I had anything more to do with the scheme of the poem.”From Wordsworth's "Memoirs."

"The Ancient Mariner,'" says Swinburne, "is perhaps the most wonderful of all poems. In reading it we seem rapt into that paradise revealed by Swedenborg, where music and color and perfume were one, where you could see the hues and hear the harmonies of heaven. For absolute melody and splendor it were hardly rash to call it the first poem in the language. The lines

"And thou art long, and lank, and brown,

As is the ribb'd sea-sand,"

and also the verse beginning,

He holds him with his glittering eye,"

were written by Wordsworth.

2.-BEAT. In Yorkshire the past tense of beat is pronounced bět, which is the more effective pronunciation here.

3.-HE. Observe the personification of the storm-blast. Compare with the "storm-giants" of the Norse mythology, or with the Greek conception of Typhon.

4.-CLIFTS. Clefts, fissures.

5.-SWOUND. Swoon.

6. THOROUGH. Through, from end to end.

7. The ship has now turned about, and is coming northward. 8.--BREAK. Pronounced in some parts of England, breek.

9.-DEATH-FIRES. Corpse-candles-lights resembling the flame of a candle, sometimes seen in damp places, and regarded by the superstitious as portending death.

10.-GRAMERCY. See Note 14, p. 473.

11.-SILLY. Unknowing. From A. S. sælig, or Ger. selig, blessed. Used by the older writers in the sense of blessed, frail, happy, simple.

12.-SHRIEVE, From A. S. scrifan, to receive confession. To administer the last rites of religion.

13.-IVY-TOD. Tod, a bush, generally of ivy. In Suffolk, a stump at the top of a pollard."-HALLIWELL.

L. THE FIRST VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS.

Page 277, Note 1.-WILLIAM ROBERTSON, D.D., was born at Bothwick, Scotland, in 1721. On the completion of his studies at Edinburgh University (1743) he was appointed to the living of Gladsmuir, in East Lothian. His fame as a preacher soon spread throughout Scotland. In 1759 he published a "History of Scotland," which led to his appointment as Principal of the University of Edinburgh. He afterwards wrote a "History of Charles V.," and a "History of the Discovery of America"-works which placed him among the foremost of modern historians. He died in 1793.

2.-CABALS (ca băls'). Intrigues. From Heb. gabbâlâk, mysterious doc

trine.

3.-CHIMERICAL (ki měr' ic al). Merely imaginary. From chimera, a fabulous monster, represented as having the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon.

4.-Read now the passage from Carlyle, page 411, line 14, this volume. ADDITIONAL READING SUGGESTED: Irving's "Life of Columbus."

LI.-LITERATURE, A STUDY OF HUMAN NATURE.

Page 285, Note 1.—JOHN HENRY, CARDINAL NEWMAN, was born in London in 1801. He graduated at Trinity College, Oxford, in 1820, and was chosen fellow of Oriel College in 1822. In 1830 he was appointed select preacher for the University, and while acting in that capacity he published a number of tracts on controversial subjects, besides some volumes of sermons. In 1845 he was received into the Roman Catholic Church; in 1848 he was ordained a priest; in 1854 he was appointed rector of the new Catholic University at Dublin. He was afterwards elevated successively to the rank of archbishop and that of cardinal. His writings, which are numerous, are remarkable for the purity and beauty of their diction.

2.-" QUICQUID," etc. "Whatsoever things influence men-prayer, fear, anger, pleasure, joy, conversation."

3.-JABAL. "The father of such as dwell in tents and of those who have cattle."-TUBAL-CAIN. "The instructor of every artificer in brass and iron." "A mighty one in the earth."

-NIMROD.

"Proud Nimrod first the bloody chase began;
A mighty hunter, and his prey was man.'

-POPE'S "Windsor Forest."

4.-See Gen. xxi. 8, Gen. xxix., Job i. and xlii.

LII. THE WATER-GATE OF THE TOWER.

Page 288, Note 1.-WILLIAM HEPWORTH DIXON was born in West Riding, Yorkshire, in 1821. In consequence of ill-health he was not able to go to school, but was brought up and educated by his grand-uncle at a farm-house on the moors of Over Darwin. In 1846 he went to London, and entered the Inner Temple as a student. Here he began a series of contributions to the leading periodicals, and at once won his way to recognition as a writer of more than ordinary ability. He was for many years the editor of The Athenæum. He has written "New America" (1867), "Free Russia (1870), "Her Majesty's Tower" (1871), and several other prose works.

2.-BLUFF KING HAL. Henry VIII., King of England, born in 1491, reigned from 1509 to 1547. The two wives referred to are Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn (bool in); the time is May, 1533. Anne Boleyn was executed in May, 1536.

3.-GEORGE. A figure of St. George on horseback, worn by Knights of the Garter.-SAKERS. Small pieces of artillery.

4.-ELIZABETH. Daughter of Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn (born 1533). Queen of England from 1558 to 1603. Her "jealous sister" was Queen Mary, daughter of Catherine of Aragon, by whom (1553) she was imprisoned for some time in the tower.

5.-LEONINE. Lion-like.

ADDITIONAL READING suggested: Selections from "Her Majesty's Tower."

LIII. THE CRY OF THE CHILDREN.

Page 292, Note 1.—ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING was born in 1809. She wrote the greater portion of her poetry while she was yet Elizabeth Barrett; she married Robert Browning, the poet, in 1846. Her principal works are, "Poems," two vols. (1844); "The Drama of Exile," "The Vision of Poets," "Lady Geraldine's Courtship," "Casa Guidi Windows," written in Florence, 1848; "Aurora_Leigh" (1856), a novel in blank verse; and a translation of "Prometheus Bound," besides numerous contributions to the periodicals. She died in 1861.

This poem was written after a study of the condition of workingmen's children in the factories and mines of England.

2.-RIME. Hoar-frost. Here probably means the time of hoar-frost, or winter.

3.-MIND. Remind. The use of the word in this sense is now almost obsolete, although it frequently occurs in the older writers. "I do thee wroug to mind thee of it."-SHAKESPEARE.

4.-EYES TURNED ON DEITY. "Take heed that ye despise not one of these little ones; for I say unto you, That in heaven their angels do always behold the face of my Father which is in heaven."

ADDITIONAL READING SUGGESTED :

Browning.

Selections from the poetry of Mrs.

LIV.-CHRISTMAS DAY, 1587.

Page 297, Note 1.-WALTER BESANT was born in Portsmouth, England, in 1837. He was educated at Cambridge University, and was for some years a professor in the College at Mauritius. His work in literature includes a volume of essays on "The French Dramatists," "Early French Poetry," and alarge number of novels, some of which are highly meritorious.

2.-WAY OF WALSINGHAM. In England, during the Middle Ages, the Milky Way was generally called Watling Street. The real Watling Street was a great road extending from Dover to Chester. Watling, or Watling, is derived from the name of a personage in the Anglo-Saxon mythology. 3.-MIGHTY. A colloquial use of this word, formerly sanctioned by good authority. "A mighty good sort of people."—WILBERFORCE. "He was methodical."-JEFFREY.

4. SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. A celebrated English navigator and naval commander (1537-1596).

5.-FLEET. The Invincible Armada was sent by Philip II. of Spain against England in 1588. It consisted of 150 ships, 2650 great guns, and more than 30,000 soldiers and sailors. On the 19th of July it arrived in the English Channel, where it was defeated by the forces under Drake and Howard, as described in the sketch following this.

LV. THE SPANISH ARMADA.

Page 302, Note 1.-ROBERT SOUTHEY was born in Bristol, England, in 1774. He was educated at Westminster, and at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1813 he was appointed poet-laureate. He died in 1843. His writings are very numerous, and include both prose and poetry. He was at once "the most ambitious and the most voluminous author of his day," but his works have never been very popular. His "Chronicle of the Cid," "Lives of the English Admirals," "Life of Wesley," and "The Doctor," are perhaps the best. With the exception of a few short metrical pieces, his poetry is now but little read. Read Dowden's "Robert Southey" (English Men of Letters). 2.-ARMADA. See Note 5, above.

3. PERPENDED. Considered. Lat. per, through, and pendere, to weigh. 4.-GALLEASSES. "The galleasses were a third larger than the ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley-slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a castellated structure, almost equally massive, in front, with seats for the rowers amidships."-MOTLEY. ADDITIONAL READING SUGGESTED: The account of the same event in Green's "Short History of the English People."

LVI-YE MARINERS OF ENGLAND.

Page 306, Note 1.-THOMAS CAMPBELL was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1777. He was educated at Glasgow University, of which, in 1827, he was elected rector. He died at Boulogne in 1844. He wrote both poetry and prose, but his fame rests chiefly upon two or three short poems: "Ye Mariners of England," "The Battle of the Baltic," and some passages in his longer poems, "Gertrude of Wyoming" and "O'Connor's Child." Allingham says: "Campbell seems to me to have a finer touch than Scott or Byron." 2.-BLAKE. Robert Blake, a celebrated British admiral (1599-1657). 3.-NELSON. Horatio Nelson-Viscount Nelson of the Nile-the most famous, perhaps, of British admirals. Born in 1758; killed in the naval battle off Trafalgar, (tra făl′ gar) on the coast of Spain, in 1805.

LVII. TO HERODOTUS.

Page 308, Note 1.-ANDREW LANG (born in 1843, and educated at Oxford) is one of the most popular of living English writers. His works embrace a great variety of subjects, including essays, poems, criticisms, stories,

and translations. Among them may be mentioned "Custom and Myth," "The Library," ," "In the Wrong Paradise;" translations of Homer's "Iliad " and "Odyssey," and of Theocritus, Bion, and Moschus; "Letters to Dead Authors." Our selection is from the work last named.

2.-HERODOTUS (he rod o tus). A Greek historian, called "the Father of History," was born at Halicarnassus, a Doric colony in Asia Minor, B.C. 484. The accuracy of his historical statements has often been questioned by both ancient and modern writers. "But," says Dr. William Smith, "whenever he speaks from his own observations, he is a real model of truthfulness and accuracy; and the more the countries which he describes have been explored by modern travellers, the more firmly has his authority been established. Many things which used to be laughed at as impossible or paradoxical are found now to be strictly in accordance with truth." One of the objects aimed at by Mr. Lang in this letter is, while imitating the style of Herodotus, to ridicule some of the methods of criticism pursued by certain Oxford professors in dealing with his works.

3. CIMMERIANS. A people described by Homer as dwelling in the farthest west, enveloped in constant mists and darkness. The name is here applied to the British.

4. STRAITS OF HERACLES. The Straits of Gibraltar.

5.-PARASANGS. A parasang is a Persian measure of length, equal to about four English miles.

6. ORPHEUS. See Note 5, page 490. The "Argonautica" is an epic poem consisting of 1384 hexameters. It was produced at a period much later even than that of Herodotus.

7.-Io. Io, the daughter of Inachus, was beloved by Zeus, who, on account of Hera's jealousy, metamorphosed her into a white heifer. In this form she wandered over the whole earth, finally resting on the banks of the Nile, where she recovered her original form. The strait between the Sea of Marmora and the Black Sea was called by the Greeks Bosporus (i. e., Ox-ford), because lo crossed there when she was in the form of a heifer.

8.-ISIS. One of the principal divinities of Egypt, the goddess of earththe Earth-mother. The Isis River is a small river in England, flowing into the Thames below Oxford.

9. An allusion to the failure of the British Government to relieve General Gordon, when besieged at Khartoum by the forces under the Mahdi (1885.) 10.-"THE LONG" and "THE VAC." Slang terms used by Oxford students to denote the long vacation in summer.

11.-SOPHOCLES. A Greek tragic poet, born near Athens, B.C. 495. 12.-BRIAREUS.

"The hundred-handed, whom the immortal gods
Have named Briareus, but the sons of men
Egon, mightier than his sire in strength;
And he, rejoicing in the honor, took

His seat by Jove, and all the immortals shrank
Aghast before him."-Iliad, I., 402.

13.-HECATEUS (hec a te' us). One of the earliest geographers and histo rians of Greece. Born in Miletus about B.C. 550. Herodotus was acquainted with his works, the accuracy of which he sometimes disputes.

14.-ORACLE OF Branchide (brăn' ki dē). The oracle of Apollo at Bran