APPENDIX.

My attention was called to this subject, which is now of an old date, by reading the following passage There are some parts of this passage extremely in Medwin's "Account of Some Passages in Lord istaken and exaggerated, as generally attends any Byron's later Years.' Lord Byron is supposed to attempt to record what passes in casual conversaspeak. "When Walter Scott began to write poetry,on, which resembles, in difficulty, the experiments which was not at a very early age, Monk Lewis of the old chemists for fixing quicksilver. corrected his verse: he understood little then of the mechanical part of the art. The Fire King, in the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border,' was almost all Lewis's. One of the Ballads in that work, and, except some of Leyden's, perhaps one of the best, was made from a story picked up in a stage-coach;-I mean that of Will Jones.'

that a bad rhyme is, in fact, no rhyme at all. You desired me to point out my objections, leaving you at liberty to make use of them or not; and so have at Frederic and Alice.' Stanza 1st, 'hies' and 'joys' are not rhymes; the 1st stanza ends with joys;' the 2d begins with joying.' In the 4th, there is too sudden a change of tenses, flows' and 'rose.' 6th, 7th, and 8th, I like much. 9th, Does not ring his ears' sound ludicrous in yours? The first idea that presents itself is, that his ears were pulled; but even the ringing of the cars does not please. 12th, Shower' and 'roar,' not rhymes. Soil and aisle, in the 13th, are not much better; but 'head' and 'descried' are execrable. In the 14th, 'bar' and 'stair' are ditto; and 'groping' is a nasty word. Vide Johnson, He gropes his breeches with a monarch's air.' In the 15th, you change your metre, which has always an unpleasant effect; and 'safe' and 'receive rhyme just about as well as Scott and Lewis would. 16th, within' and 'strain' are not rhymes. 17th, 'hear' and 'air,' not rhymes. 18th, two metres are mixed; the same objection to the third line of the 19th. Observe, that, in the Ballad, I do not always object to a variation of metre; but then it ought to increase the melody, whereas, in my opinion, in these instances, it is diminished.

I must not, however, conceal from you, that nobody
understood the Lady Flora of Glengyle to be a
disguised demon till the catastrophe arrived; and
that the opinion was universal, that some previous
stanza ought to be introduced descriptive of the
nature and office of the wayward Ladies of the
Wood. William Lambe, too, (who writes good
verses himself, and, therefore, may be allowed to
judge those of other people,) was decidedly for the
omission of the last stanza but one.
These were
the only objections started. I thought it as well
that you should know them, whether you attend to
them or not. With regard to St. John's Eve, I like
it much, and, instead of finding fault with its broken
metre, I approve of it highly. I think, in this last
Ballad, you have hit off the ancient manner better
than in your former ones. Glenfinlas, for example,
is more like a polished tale, than an old Ballad.
But why, in verse 6th, is the Baron's helmet hacked
and hewed, if (as we are given to understand) he
had assassinated his enemy? Ought not tore to be
torn? Tore seems to me not English. In verse
16th, the last line is word for word from Gil Mor-
rice. 21st, 'Floor' and 'bower' are not rhymes,"
&c. &c. &c.

The gentleman noticed in the following letter, as "THE CHASE.-12th. The 2d line reads very harsh-partaker in the author's heresies respecting rhyme, ly; and choir' and 'lore' are not rhymes. 13th, had the less occasion to justify such license, as his "Rides' and side' are not rhymes. 30th, Pour own have been singularly accurate. Mr. Smythe and obscure,' not rhymes. 40th, Spreads and is now Professor of Modern History at Cambridge. 'invades' are not rhymes. 46th, 'Rends, and 'ascend' are not rhymes.

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"LONDON, January 24, 1799.

"I MUST not omit telling you, for your own comfort, and that of all such persons as are wicked enough to make bad rhymes, that Mr. Smythe (a very clever man at Cambridge) took great pains the other day to convince me, not merely that a bad rhyme might pass, but that occasionally a bad rhyme was better than a good one!!!!!! I need not tell you that he left me as great an infidel on this subject as he found me. Ever yours,

"M. G. LEWIS."

The next letter respects the Ballad called the "Fire King," stated by Captain Medwin to be almost all Lewis's. This is an entire misconception. Lewis, who was very fond of his idea of four elementary kings, had prevailed on me to supply a Fire King. After being repeatedly urged to the task, I sat down one day after dinner, and wrote the "Fire King," as it was published in the "Tales of Wonder." The next extract gives an account of the manner in which Lewis received it, which was not very favourable; but instead of writing the greater part, he did not write a single word of it. Dr. Leyden, now no more, and another gentleman who still survives, were sitting at my side while I wrote it; nor did my occupation prevent the circu

"WILLIAM AND HELEN.-In order that I may bring it nearer the original title, pray introduce, in the first stanza, the name of Ellenora, instead of Ellen. 'Crusade' and 'sped,' not rhymes in the 2d. 3d, Made' and shed' are not rhymes; and if they were, come too close to the rhymes in the 2d. In the 4th, Joy' and 'victory' are not rhymes. 7th, The first line wants a verb, otherwise is not intelligible. 13th, 'Grace' and bliss' are not rhymes. 14th, Bale' and 'hell' are not rhymes. 16th, Vain' and 'fruitless' is tautology; and as a verb is wanted, the line will run better thus, 'And vain is every prayer.' 19th, Is not to her absolutely necessary in the 4th line? 20th, Grace' and 'bliss,' not rhymes. 21st, Bale' and hell,' not rhymes. 22d, I do not like the word 'spent.' 23d, 'O'er and star' are vile rhymes. 26th, A verb is wanted in the 4th line; better thus, Then whispers thus a voice.' 28th, Is not, Is't thou, my love?' better than 'My love! my love! 31st, If wight' means, as I conjecture, 'enchanted,' does not this let the cat out of the bag? Ought not the spur to be sharp rather than bright? In the 4th line, 'Stay' and 'day' jingle together; would it not be better, "I must be gone e'er day?' 32d, Steed' and 'bed' are not rhymes. 34th, Bride' and bed, not rhymes. 35th, Seat' and 'await,' not rhymes. 39th, Keep hold' and 'sit fast' seem to my ear vulgar and prosaic. 40th, The 4th line is defec-lation of the bottle. tive in point of English, and, indeed, I do not quite understand the meaning. 43d, Arose' and sues' are not rhymes. 45th, I am not pleased with the epithet 'savage; and the latter part of the stanza is, to me, unintelligible. 49th, Is it not closer to the original in line 3d to say, 'Swift ride the dead?' 50th, Does the rain whistle?' 55th, line 3d, Does it express, 'Is Helen afraid of them? 59th, Door' and flower' do not rhyme together. 60th, Scared' and 'heard' are not rhymes. 63d, Bone' and skeleton' not rhymes. 64th, The last line sounds ludicrous; one fancies the heroine coming down with a plump, and sprawling upon her bottom. I have now finished my severe examination, and pointed out every objection which I think can be suggested.

6th January, 1799

pur

"WELLWYN, -99. "DEAR SCOTT, "YOUR last Ballad reached me just as I was stepping into my chaise to go to Brocket Hall, (Lord Melbourne's,) so I took it with me and exhibited both that and Glenfinlas with great success.

Leyden wrote a Ballad for the Cloud King, which is mentioned in the ensuing extract. But it did not answer Mat's ideas, either in the colour of the wings, or some point of costume equally important; so Lewis, who was otherwise fond of the Ballad, converted it into the Elfin King, and wrote a Cloud King himself, to finish the hierarchy in the way desired.

There is a leading mistake in the passage from Captain Medwin. "The Minstrelsy of the Border" is spoken of, but what is meant is the "Tales of Wonder." The former work contains none of the Ballads mentioned by Mr. Medwin-the latter has them all. Indeed, the dynasty of Elemental Kings were written entirely for Mr. Lewis's publication.

My intimate friend, William Clerk, Esq. was the person who heard the legend of Bill Jones told in a mail-coach by a sea captain, who imagined himself to have seen the ghost to which it relates. The tale was versified by Lewis himself. I forget where it was published, but certainly in no miscellany or publication of mine.

I have only to add. in allusion to the passage I

[Now Lord Melbourne.-ED.]

have quoted, that I never wrote a word parodying either Mr. Coleridge or any one else, which, in that distinguished instance, it would have been most ungracious in me to have done; for which the reader will see reasons in the Introduction to "The Lay of the Last Minstrel."*

"DEAR SCOTT,

"LONDON, 3d February, 1800.

'I BETURN you many thanks for your Ballad, and the Extract, and I shall be very much obliged to your friend for the 'Cloud King." I must, however, inake one criticism upon the Stanzas which you sent me. The Spirit, being a wicked one, must not have such delicate wings as pale blue ones. He has nothing to do with Heaven except to deface it with storms; and therefore, in 'The Monk,' I have fitted * [See a subsequent part of this volume.-ED.]

him with a pair of sable pinions, to which I must request your friend to adapt his Stanza. With the others I am much pleased, as I am with your Fire King; but every body makes the same objection to it, and expresses a wish that you had conformed your Spirit to the description given of him in 'The Monk, where his office is to play the Will o' the Wisp, and lead travellers into bogs, &c. It is also objected to, his being removed from his native land, Denmark, to Palestine; and that the office assigned to him in your Ballad has nothing peculiar to the 'Fire King,' but would have suited Arimanes, Beelzebub, or any other evil spirit as well. However, the Ballad itself I think very pretty. I suppose you have heard from Bell respecting the copies of the Ballads. I was too much distrest at the time to write myself," &c. &c.

"M. G. L."

PART THIRD.-IMITATIONS OF THE ANCIENT BALLAD.

CHRISTIE'S WILL.

were saluted, once more, with the sounds of Maudge and Batty-the only notes which had solaced his long confinement. This led to a discovery of the whole story; but, in those disorderly times, it was only laughed at, as a fair ruse de guerre.

poor president spent a heavy time in the vault of the castle. He was imprisoned, and solitary; receiving Is the reign of Charles I., when the moss-troop- his food through an aperture in the wall, and never ing practices were not entirely discontinued, the hearing the sound of a human voice, save when a tower of Gilnockie, in the parish of Cannoby, was shepherd called his dog, by the name of Batty, and occupied by William Armstrong, called, for distinc- when a female domestic called upon Maudge, the ton's sake, Christie's Will, a lineal descendant of cat. These, he concluded, were invocations of spirits; the famous John Armstrong, of Gilnockie, executed for he held himself to be in the dungeon of a sorcerer. by James V. The hereditary love of plunder had At length, after three months had elapsed, the lawdescended to this person with the family mansion; suit was decided in favour of Lord Traquair; and and, upon some marauding party, he was seized, Will was directed to set the president at liberty. and imprisoned in the tolbooth of Jedburgh. The Accordingly, he entered the vault at dead of night, Earl of Traquair, Lord High Treasurer, happening seized the president, muffled him once more in the to visit Jedburgh, and knowing Christie's Will, in- cloak, without speaking a single word, and, using quired the cause of his confinement. Will replied, the same mode of transportation, conveyed him to he was imprisoned for stealing two tethers, (halters;) Leith sands, and set down the astonished judge on but, upon being more closely interrogated, acknow- the very spot where he had taken him up. The joy ledged that there were two delicate colts at the end of his friends, and the less agreeable surprise of his of them. The joke, such as it was, amused the successor, may be easily conceived, when he apearl, who exerted his interest, and succeeded in re-peared in court, to reclaim his office and honours. leasing Christie's Will from bondage. Some time All embraced his own persuasion, that he had been afterwards, a lawsuit, of importance to Lord Tra- spirited away by witchcraft; nor could he himself quair, was to be decided in the Court of Session; be convinced of the contrary, until, many years afand there was every reason to believe that the judg-terwards, happening to in Annandale, his ears meat would turn upon the voice of the presiding judge, who has a casting vote, in case of an equal division among his brethren. The opinion of the president was unfavourable to Lord Traquair; and the point was, therefore, to keep him out of the way when the question should be tried. In this dilemma, Wild and strange as this tradition may seem, there the earl had recourse to Christie's Will; who, at is little doubt of its foundation in fact. The judge, once, offered his service to kidnap the president. upon whose person this extraordinary stratagem was Upon due scrutiny, he found it was the judge's practised, was Sir Alexander Gibson, Lord Durie, practice frequently to take the air, on horse-back, on collector of the reports, well known in the Scottish the sands of Leith, without an attendant. In one law, under the title of Durie's Decisions. He was of these excursions, Christie's Will, who had long advanced to the station of an ordinary Lord of Seswatched his opportunity, ventured to accost the pre- sion, 10th July, 1621, and died, at his own house of sident, and engage him in conversation. His ad- Durie, July, 1646. Betwixt these periods this whimdress and language were so amusing, that he decoy-sical adventure must have happened; a date which ed the president into an unfrequented and furzy corresponds with that of the tradition. common, called the Frigate Whins, where, riding suddenly up to him, he pulled him from his horse, muffled him in a large cloak, which he had provided, and rode off, with the luckless judge trussed up behind him. Will crossed the country with great expedition, by paths known only to persons of his description, and deposited his weary and terrified burden in an old castle, in Annandale, called the Tower of Graham.t The judge's horse being found, it was concluded he had thrown his rider into the sea; his friends went into mourning, and a successor was appointed to his office. Meanwhile, the *For his pedigree, the reader may consult the Supplement to

the ballad of Johnie Armstrong.

It stands upon the water of Dryfe, not far from Moffat.

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We may frame," says Forbes, "a rational conjecture of his great learning and parts, not only from his collection of the Decisions of the Session, from July, 1621, till July, 1642, but also from the following circumstances:-1. In a tract of more as twenty years, he was frequently chosen vice-president, and no other lord in that time. 2. 'Tis commonly reported, that some party, in a considerable action before the session, finding that the Lord Durie could not be persuaded to think his plea good, fell upon a stratagem to prevent the influence and weight which his lordship might have to his prejudice, by causing of Leith, at his diversion on a Saturday afternoon, some strong masked men kidnap him, in the Links and transport him to some blind and obscure room

in the country, where he was detained captive, with- | Now Christie's Will peep'd frae the tower,
out the benefit of daylight, a matter of three months,
(though otherwise civilly and well entertained;)
during which time his lady and children went in
mourning for him as dead. But after the cause
aforesaid was decided, the Lord Durie was carried
back by incognitos, and dropt in the same place
where he had been taken up."-FORBES's Journal
of the Session, Edin. 1714. Preface, p. 28.

And out at the shot-hole keeked he; "And ever unlucky," quo' he, is the hour, That the Warden comes to speer for me!""Good Christie's Will, now, have nae fear! Nae harm, good Will, shall hap to thee: I saved thy life at the Jeddart air, At the Jeddart air frae the justice tree.

Tradition ascribes to Christie's Will another me-
morable feat, which seems worthy of being recorded.
It is well known, that, during the troubles of Charles
I., the Earl of Traquair continued unalterably fixed
in his attachment to his unfortunate master, in
whose service he hazarded his person and impover-"Gramercy, my lord," quo' Christie's Will,
ished his estate. It was of consequence, it is said,
to the king's service, that a certain packet, contain-
ing papers of importance, should be transmitted to
him from Scotland. But the task was a difficult

"Bethink how ye sware, by the salt and the bread,†
By the lightning, the wind, and the rain,
That if ever of Christie's Will I had need,
He would pay me my service again."-

"Gramercy, my lord, for your grace to me!
When I turn my cheek, and claw my neck,
I think of Traquair and the Jeddart tree."
And he has open'd the fair tower yate,
To Traquair and a' his companie;
The spule o' the deer on the board he has set,
The fattest that ran on the Hutton Lee.

one, as the Parliamentary leaders used their utmost
endeavours to prevent any communication betwixt
the king and his Scottish friends. Traquair, in this
strait, again had recourse to the services of Chris-
tie's Will; who undertook the commission, convey-"Now, wherefore sit ye sad, my lord?
ed the papers safely to his majesty, and received an
answer, to be delivered to Lord Traquair. But, in
the meantime, his embassy had taken air, and
Cromwell had despatched orders to intercept him at
Carlisle. Christie's Will, unconscious of his dan-
ger, halted in the town to refresh his horse, and then
pursued his journey. But, as soon as he began to
pass the long, high, and narrow bridge, which crosses
the Eden at Carlisle, either end of the pass was oc-
cupied by a party of Parliamentary soldiers, who
were lying in wait for him. The Borderer disdain-
ed to resign his enterprise, even in these desperate
circumstances; and at once forming his resolution,
spurred his horse over the parapet. The river was
in high flood. Will sunk-the soldiers shouted-he
emerged again, and guiding his horse to a steep
bank, called the Stanners, or Stanhouse, endea-
voured to land, but ineffectually, owing to his heavy
horseman's cloak, now drenched in water. Will
cut the loop, and the horse, feeling himself disem-
barrassed, made a desperate exertion, and succeeded
in gaining the bank. Our hero set off, at full speed,
pursued by the troopers, who had for a time stood
motionless in astonishment at his temerity. Will,
however, was well mounted; and, having got the
start, he kept it, menacing, with his pistols, any
pursuer who seemed likely to gain on him,-an ar-
tifice which succeeded, although the arms were wet
and useless. He was chased to the river Eske,
which he swam without hesitation; and, finding
himself on Scottish ground, and in the neighbour-The fairest lady in Teviotdale
hood of friends, he turned on the northern bank,
and, in the true spirit of a Border rider, invited his
followers to come through, and drink with him.
After this taunt, he proceeded on his journey, and
faithfully accomplished his mission. Such were the
exploits of the very last Border freebooter of any

And wherefore sit ye mournfullie?
And why eat ye not of the venison I shot,
At the dead of night on Hutton Lee ?"-
"O weel may I stint of feast and sport,
And in my mind be vexed sair!

A vote of the canker'd Session Court,
Of land and living will make me bare.
"But if auld Durie to heaven were flown,
Or if auld Durie to hell were gane,

Or . if he could be but ten days stoun....
My bonny braid lands would still be my ain.'
"O, mony a time, my lord," he said,
'I've stown the horse frae the sleeping loon;
But for you I'll steal a beast as braid,"
For I'll steal Lord Durie frae Edinburgh toun.
"O, mony a time, my lord," he said,
"I've stown a kiss frae a sleeping wench;
But for you I'll do as kittle a deed,

note.

The reader is not to regard the ballad as of genuine and unmixed antiquity, though some stanzas are current upon the Border, in a corrupted state. They have been eked and joined together, in the rude and ludicrous manner of the original; but as it must be considered as, on the whole, a modern ballad, it is transferred to this department of the work. CHRISTIE'S WILL.

TRAQUAIR has ridden up Chapelhope,

And sae has he down by the Grey Mare's Tail;* He never stinted the light gallop,

Until he speer'd for Christie's Will.

Grey Mare's Tail-A cataract above Moffat, so called. [See the Introduction to the Second Canto of Marmion:

-" deep, deep down, and far within,
Toils with the rocks the roaring linn;
Then, issuing forth one foamy wave.
And wheeling round the Giant's Grave,

White as the snowy charger's tail,

Drives down the pass of Moffatdale," &c.-ED.]

For I'll steal an auld lurdane aff the bench."-
And Christie's Will is to Edinburgh gane;
At the Borough Muir then enter'd he;
And as he pass'd the gallow-stane,

He cross'd his brow, and he bent his knee.
He lighted at Lord Durie's door,

And there he knock'd most manfullie;
And up and spake Lord Durie sae stour,
"What tidings, thou stalward groom, to me?"

She pleas at the Session for her land, a' haill,
Has sent, maist reverent sir, for thee;
And fain she wad plead her cause to thee."

But how can I to that lady ride,

"O a curch and mantle ye may wear,,
With saving of my dignitie ?"-

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And in my cloak ye sall muffled be."
Wi' curch on head, and cloak ower face,
He mounted the judge on a palfrey fyne;
He rode away, a right round pace,

And Christie's Will held the bridle reyn.
The Lothian Edge they were not o'er,
When they heard bugles bauldly ring,
And, hunting over Middleton Moor,+
They met, I ween, our noble King.
When Willie look'd upon our King,
I wot a frighted man was he!
But ever auld Durie was startled mair,
For tyning of his dignitie.
The King he cross'd himself, I wis,

When as the pair came riding bye-
"An uglier crone, and a sturdier foon,

I think, were never seen with eye!"

"He took bread and salt, by this light, that he would never open his lips."-The Honest Whore, Act v. Scene 2.

Middleton Moor is about fifteen miles from Edinburgh on the way to the Border.

Willie has hied to the tower of Græme,
He took auld Durie on his back,
He shot him down to the dungeon deep,
Which garr'd his auld banes gie mony a crack.
For nineteen days, and nineteen nights,
Of sun, or moon, or midnight stern,
Auld Durie never saw a blink,

The lodging was sae dark and dern.

He thought the warlocks o' the rosy cross,*
Had fang'd him in their nets sae fast;
Or that the gipsies' glamour'd gangt
Had lair'd his learning at the last.

"Hey! Batty, lad! far yaud! far yaud!"'§

These were the morning sounds heard he;
And ever Alack!" auld Durie cried,

"The deil is hounding his tykes on me!"

And whiles a voice on Baudrons cried,
With sound uncouth, and sharp, and hie;
"I have tar-barrell'd mony a witch,||

But now, I think, they'll clear scores wi' me!"-
The King has caused a bill be wrote,
And he has set it on the Tron,-
"He that will bring Lord Durie back,
Shall have five hundred merks and one."-

And after this he did him swiche plesance,
That he him shewd his lady on a dance,
On which himselven danced, as him thought:
And whan this maister that this magike wrought,
Saw it was time, he clapt his handes two,
And farewell! all the revel is ago.
And yet remued they never out of the house,
While they saw all thise sights merveillous:
But in his studie ther his bookes be,

They saten still and no wight but this three."
Ibidem.

"As for the rencounter betwixt Mr. Williamson, schoolmaster at Cowper, (who has wrote a grammar,) and the Rosicrucians, I never trusted it, till I heard it from his own son, who is present minister of Kirkaldy. He tells, that a stranger came to Cowper, and called for him: after they had drank a little, and the reckonng came to be paid, he whistled for spirits; one, in the shape of a boy, came, and gave him gold in abundance; no servant was seen nding with him to the town, nor enter with him into the inn. He caused his spirits, against next day, bring him noble Greek wine from the Pope's cellar, and tell the freshest news then at Rome; then trysted Mr. Williamson at London, who met the same man in a coach, near to London Bridge, and who called on him by his name; he marvelled to see any know him there; at last he found it was his Rosicrucian. He pointed to a tavern, and desired Mr. Williamson to do him the favour to dine with him at that house; whither he came at twelve o'clock, and found him and many others of good fashion there, and a most splendid and magnificent table, furnished with all the varieties of delicate meats, where they are all served by spirits. At dinner, they de-bright sone to every mannes sight and than, they bringen in hated upon the excellency of being attended by spirits; and after dinner, they proposed to him to assume him into their society, and make him participant of their happy life; but among the other conditions and qualifications requisite, this was one, that they demanded his abstracting his spirit from all materiality, and renouncing his baptismal engagements. Being amazed at this proposal, be falls a praying, whereat they all disappear, and leave him alone. Then he began to forethink what would become of him, if he were left to pay that vast reckoning; not having as much on him as would defray it. He calls the boy, and asks, what was become of these gentlemen, and what was to pay? He answered, there was nothing to pay, for they had done it, and were zone about their affairs in the city."-FOUNTAINHALL'S Decirimis, vol. i. p. 15. With great deference to the learned reporter, this story has all the appearance of a joke upon the poor schoolmaster, calculated at once to operate upon his credulity, and upon his fears of being left in pawn for the reckoning.

* Besides the prophetic powers ascribed to the gipsies in most European countries, the Scottish peasants believe them possessed of the power of throwing upon bystanders a spell, to fascinate their eyes, and cause them to see the thing that is not. Thus, in the old ballad of Johnie Faa, the elopement of the Countess of Cassillia, with a gipsy leader, is imputed to fascination:

**As sune as they saw her weel-far'd face,
They cast the glamour ower her."

Saro Grammaticus mentions a particular sect of Mathematicians,
as he is pleased to call them, who, per summam ludificando
rum oculorum peritiam, proprios alienosque vultus, variis re-
rum imaginibus, adumbrare callebant; illicibusque formis
Beros obscurare conspectus." Merlin, the son of Ambrose, was
particularly skilled in this art, and displays it often in the old me-
tncal romance of Arthour and Merlin:

"Tho' thai com the Kinges neighe
Merlin hef his heued on heighe,
And kest on hem enchauntement
That he hem alle allmest blent
That none other sen no might

A gret while y you plight," &c.

The jongleurs were also great professors of this mystery, which has in some degree descended, with their name, on the modern jugglers. But durst Breslaw, the Sieur Boaz, or Katterfelte himself, have encountered, in a magical sleight, the tragetures of Father Chaucer, who

-" within a hall large

Have made come in a water and a barge,
And in the halle rowen up and down;
Somtime hath seemed come a grim leoun,
And somtime flowres spring as in a mede,
Somtime a vine and grapes white and rede,
Somtime a castel al of lime and ston;
And when bem liketh voideth it anon.
Thus semeth it to every mannes sight."
Frankeleene's Tale.

And again, the prodigies exhibited by the Clerk of Orleans to Au-
relius:

"He shew'd him or they went to soupere
Forestes, parkes, ful of wilde dere ;
Ther saw he hartes with hir hornes hie,
The gretest that were ever seen with eie:
He saw of hem an hundred slam with houndes,
And some with arwes blede of bitter woundes;
He saw, when voided were the wilde dere

Thise fauconers upon a fair rivere,
That with hir haukes han the heron slain:
Tho saw he knightes justen on a plain;

Y

Our modern professors of the magic natural would likewise have been sorely put down by the Jogulours and Enchantours of the Grete Chan; for they maken to come in the air the sone and the mone, beseminge to every mannes sight; and aftre, they maken the nyght so dirke, that no man may se no thing; and af tre, they maken the day to come agen, fair and plesant, with daunces of the fairest damyselles of the world, and richest arrayed; and aftre, they maken to comen in other damyselles, bringing coupes of gold, fulle of mylke of diverse bestes; and geven drinke to lordes and to ladyes; and than they maken knyghtes to justen in armes fulle lustyly; and they rennen togidre a gret randoun, and they frusschen togidre fall fiercely, and they broken her speres so rudely, that the trenchouns flen in sprotis and pieces alle aboute the halle; and than they make to come in hunting for the hert and for the boor, with houndes renning with open mouthe; and many other things they dow of her enchauntements, that it is marveyle for to see."-SIR JOHN MANDEVILLE'S Travels, p. 285.

I question much, also, if the most artful illuminatus of Germany could have matched the prodigies exhibited by Pacolet and Adramain, Adonc Adramain leva une cappe par dessus une pillier. et en telle sort, qu'il sembla a ceux qui furent presens, que parmi la place couroit une riviere fort grande et terrible. Et en icelle riviere sembloit avoir poissons en grand abondance, grands et petits. Et quand ceux de palais virent l'eau si grande, ils commencerent tous a lever leur robes, et a crier fort, comme s'ils eussent eu peur d'estre noyes; et Pacolet, qui l'enchantement regarda, commenca a chanter, et fit en sort si subtil en son chant qu'il sembla a tous ceux de lieu que parmy la riviere couroit un cerf grand et cornu, qui jettoit et abbatoit a terre tout ce que devant lui trouvoit, puis leur fut advis que voyoyent chasseurs et veneurs courir apris le Cerf, avec grande puissance de levriers et des chiens. Lors y eut plusieurs de la campagnie qui saillirent au devant pour le Cerf attraper et cuyder prendre; mais Pacolet fist tost le Cert sailer. Bien avez joue,' dit Orson, et bien scavez vostre art user.' L'Historie des Valentin et Orsos, a Rouen,

1631.

The receipt, to prevent the operation of these deceptions, was, to use a sprig of four-leaved clover. I remember to have heard, (certainly very long ago, for at that time I believed the legend.) that a gipsy exercised his glamour over a number of people at Haddington, to whom he exhibited a common dunghill cock, trailing what appeared to the spectators, a massy oaken trunk. An old man passed with a cart of clover; he stopped, and picked out & four-leaved blade; the eyes of the spectators were opened, and the oaken trunk appeared to be a bulrush.

Lair'd-Bogged.

Far yaud-The signal made by a shepherd to his dog, when he is to drive away some sheep at a distance. From Yoden, to Ang. Sax.

go.

Human nature shrinks from the brutal scenes produced by the belief in witchcraft. Under the idea that the devil imprinted upon the body of his miserable vassals a mark, which was insensible to pain, persons were employed to run needles into the bodies of the old women who were suspected of witchcraft. In the dawning of common sense upon this subject, a complaint was made before the Privy Council of Scotland, 11th September, 1678, by Catherine Liddell, a poor woman, against the Baron-bailie of Preston-Grange, and David Cowan, (a professed pricker,) for having imprisoned, and most cruelly tortured her. They answered, 1st, She was searched by her own consent, et volenti non fit injuria; 2d, The pricker had learned his trade from Kincaid, a famed pricker; 34. He never acted, but when called upon by magistrates or clergymen, so what he did was auctore prætore; 4th, His trade was lawful; 5th, Perkins, Delrio, and all divines and lawyers, who treat of witchcraft, assert the existence of the marks, or stigmata sagarum; and 6thly, Were it otherwise, Er Tor communis facit jus.-Answered, 1st, Denies consent; 2d, Nobody can validly consent to their own torture; for Nemo est dominus membrorum suorum; 3d, The pricker was a common cheat. The last arguments prevailed; and it was found, that inferior judges might not use any torture, by pricking, or by withholding them from sleep; the council reserving all that to themselves, the justices, and those acting by commission from them. But Lord Durie, a Judge of the Court of Session, could have no share in such inflictions.