462 II. Such fond conceit, half said, half sung, Hark! on the rock a footstep rung, "Stand, or thou diest!-What, Malise?-soon "Where sleeps the Chief?" the henchman said. 'Apart, in yonder misty glade; 66 To his lone couch I'll be your guide." And stirr'd him with his slacken'd bow- [MS." And rapture dearest when obscured by fears."] [MS.-"Tis well advised-a prudent plan Worthy the father of his clan."] I The Highlanders, like all rude people, had various supersti tious modes of inquiring into futurity. One of the most noted was the Taghairm, mentioned in the text. A person was wrapped up in the skin of a newly slain bullock, and deposited beside a waterfall, or at the bottom of a precipice, or in some other strange, wild, and unusual situation, where the scenery around him suggested nothing but objects of horror. In this situation, he revolved in his mind the question proposed; and whatever was impressed upon him by his exalted imagination, passed for the inspiration of the disembodied spirits, who haunt the desolate recesses. In some of these Hebrides, they attributed the same oracular power to a large black stone by the sea-shore, which they approached with certain solemnities, and considered the first fancy which came into their own minds, after they did so, to be the undoubted dictate of the tutelar deity of the stone, and, as such, to be, if possible, punctually complied with. Martin has recorded the following curious modes of Highland augury, in which the Taghairm, and its effects upon the person who was subjected to it, may serve to illustrate the text. It was an ordinary thing among the over-curious to consult an invisible oracle, concerning the fate of families and battles. &c. This was performed three different ways: the first was by a company of men, one of whom, being detached by lot, was af terwards carried to a river, which was the boundary between two villages; four of the company laid hold on him, and, having shut his eyes, they took him by the legs and arms, and then, tossing him to and again, struck his hips with force against the bank. One of them cried out, What is it you have go: here? another answers, A log of birch-wood. The other cries again, Let his invisible friends appear from all quarters, and let them relieve him by giving an answer to our present demands: and in a few minutes after, a number of little creatures came from the sea, who answered the question, and disappeared suddenly. The man was then set at liberty, and they all returned home, to take their measures according to the prediction of their false prophets; but the poor deluded fools were abused, for their answer was still ambiguous. This was always practised in the night, and may literally be called the works of darkness. "I had an account from the most intelligent and judicious men in the Isle of Skie, that about sixty-two years ago, the oracle was thus consulted only once, and that was in the parish of Kilmar tin, on the east side. by a wicked and mischievous race of people, who are now extinguished, both root and branch. "The second way of consulting the oracle was by a party of men, who first retired to solitary places, remote from any house, "Varying reports from near and far This certain, that a band of war Has for two days been ready boune, At prompt command, to march from Doune; Soon will this dark and gathering cloud That such dear pledge may rest secure?" IV. ""Tis well advised-the Chieftain's plant Bespeaks the father of his clan. But wherefore sleeps Sir Roderick Dhu Of that dread kind which must not be The Taghairm call'd; by which, afar, MALISE. "Ah! well the gallant brute I knew! and there they singled out one of their number, and wrapt him in a big cow's hide, which they folded about him; his whole body was covered with it, except his head, and so left in this posture all night, until his invisible friends relieved him, by giving a proper answer to the question in hand; which he received, as he fancied, from several persons that he found about him all that time. His consorts returned to him at the break of day, and then he communicated his news to them; which often proved fatal to those con cerned in such unwarrantable inquiries. There was a third way of consulting, which was a confirma. tion of the second, above mentioned. The same company who put the man into the hide, took a live cat, and put him on a spit: one of the number was employed to turn the spit, and one of his consorts inquired of him, What are you doing? he answered, I roast this cat, until his friends answer the question; which must be the same that was proposed by the man shut up in the hide. And afterwards, a very big cat comes, attended by a number of lesser cats, desiring to relieve the cat turned upon the spit, and then answers the question. If this answer proved the same that was given to the man in the hide, then it was taken as a confirma tion of the other, which, in this case, was believed infallible. " Mr. Alexander Cooper, present minister of North Vist, told me that one John Erach, in the Isle of Lewis, assured him, it was his fate to have been led by his curiosity with some who consult ed this oracle, and that he was a night within the hide, as above mentioned during which time he felt and heard such terrible things, that he could not express them: the impression it made on him was such as could never go off, and he said for a thousand worlds he would never again be concerned in the like perform ance, for this had disordered him to a high degree. He confessed it ingenuously, and with an air of great remorse, and seemed to be very penitent under a just sense of so great a crime: he de clared this about five years since, and is still living in the Lewis for any thing I know." -Description of the Western Isles, p. 110. See also PENNANT'S Scottish Tour, vol. ii. p. 361. I know not if it be worth observing, that this passage is taken almost literally from the mouth of an old Highland Kern, or Ket teran, as they were called. He used to narrate the merry doings of the good old time when he was follower of Rob Roy McGregor. This leader, on one occasion, thought proper to make a descent upon the lower part of the Loch Lomond district, and summoned all the heritors and farmers to meet at the Kirk of Drymen, to pay him black-mail, i. e. tribute for forbearance and protection. As this invitation was supported by a band of thirty or forty stout fellows, only one gentlernan, an ancestor, if I mistake not, of the present Mr. Grahame of Gartmore, ventured to decline compli The reader may have met with the story of the "King of the Cats," is Lord Littleton's Letters. It is well known in the Highlands as a nursery tale But steep and flinty was the road, NORMAN. "That bull was slain : his reeking hide That, watching while the deer is broke,t MALISE. -"Peace! peace! to other than to me, Not aught that, glean'd from heaven or hell, VI. And, as they came, with Alpine's Lord ance. Rob Roy instantly swept his land of all he could drive away, and among the spoil was a bull of the old Scottish wild breed, whose ferocity occasioned great plague to the Ketterans. But ere we had reached the Row of Dennan," said the old man, a child might have scratched his ears." The circumstance is a minute one, but it paints the times when the poor beeve was compelled "To hoof it o'er as many weary miles, *There is a rock so named in the forest of Glenfinlas, by which a tumultuary cataract takes its course. This wild place is said in former times to have afforded refuge to an outlaw, who was supplied with provisions by a woman, who lowered them down from the brink of the precipice above. His water he procured for himself, by letting down a flagon tied to a string, into the black pool beneath the fall. Quartered.-Every thing belonging to the chase was matter of solemnity among our ancestors; but nothing was more so than the mode of cutting up, or, as it was technically called, breaking the slaughtered stag. The forester had his allotted portion; the hounds had a certain allowance; and, to make the division as general as possible, the very birds had their share also "There a little gristle," says Turberville, which is upon the spoone of the brisket, which we call the raven's bone; and I have seen in some places a raven so wont and accustomed to it, that she would never fail to croak and cry for it all the time you were in breaking up of the deer, and would not depart till she had it." In the very ancient metrical romance of Sir Tristrem, that peerless knight, who is said to have been the very deviser of all rules of chase, did not omit the ceremony: This anecdote was, in former editions, inaccurately ascribed to Gregor Macgregor of Glengyle, called Ghlune Dhu, or Black-knee, a relation of Rob Roy, et, as I have been assured, not addicted to his predatory excesses.— Note to Third Edition. No mortal man,-save he, who, bred Not spoke in word, nor blazed in scroll, WHICH SPILLS THE FOREMOST FOEMAN'S LIFE,‡ VII. "Thanks, Brian, for thy zeal and care! But first our broadswords tasted blood. Self-offer'd to the auspicious blow: He light on those shall bring him down. T 'At Doune, o'er many a spear and glaive Two Barons proud their banners wave. I saw the Moray's silver star, And mark'd the sable pale of Mar.". When move they on?"-"To-morrow's noon✶✶ But, for the place-say, couldst thou learn Thou couldst not?-well! Clan Alpine's men "The rauen he yaue his yiftes See Sir Tristrem, ante, p. 264. The raven might also challenge his rights by the Book of St. Albans; for thus says Dame Juliana Berners: "Slitteth anon The bely to the side, from the corbyn bone; That is corbyn's fee, at the death he will be." Jonson, in "The Sad Shepherd," gives a more poetical ac count of the same ceremony. Marian.He that undoes him, Doth cleave the brisket bone, upon the spoon Marian. Now o'er head sat a raven On a sere bough, a grown, great bird, and hoarse, I [MS." Which foremost spills a foeman's life."] Though this be in the text described as a response of the Taghairm, or Oracle of the Hide, it was of itself an augury frequently attended to. The fate of the battle was often anticipated in the imagination of the combatants, by observing which party first shed blood. It is said that the Highlanders under Montrose were so deeply imbued with this notion, that on the morning of the battle of Tippermoor, they murdered a defenceless herdsman, whom they found in the fields, merely to secure an advantage of so much consequence to their party. [MS. The clansman vainly deem'd his guide."] TIMS." He light on those shall stab him down."] * [MS.-" When move they on?'. This sun at noon To-day 'Tis said will see them march from Doune.' "To-morrow then {makes meeting stern."" + For battle boune-ready for battle. Than doubt or terror can pierce through Where is the Douglas ?-he is gone; ELLEN. "No, Allan, no! Pretext so kind‡ He deems himself the cause of strife. [MS.-""Tis stubborn as his Highland targe."] + [MS.-" Thick as the flashes darted forth By morrice-dancers of the north; barges ride, And saw at morn their little fleet, Close moor'd by the lone islet's side. Since this rude race dare not abide Upon their native mountain side, 'Tis fit that Douglas should provide For his dear child some safe abode, And soon he comes to point the road." [MS." No, Allan, no! His words so kind Were but pretexts my fears to blind. When in such solemn tone and grave, Douglas a parting blessing gave."] [MS.-"Itself disturb'd by slightest shock, Reflects the adamantine rock."] This little fairy tale is founded upon a very curious Danish ballad, which occurs in the Kæmpe Viser, a collection of heroic songs, first published in 1591, and reprinted in 1695, inscribed by Anders Sofrensen, the collector and editor, to Sophia, Queen of Denmark. I have been favoured with a literal translation of the original, by my learned friend Mr. Robert Jamieson, whose deep knowledge of Scandinavian antiquities will, I hope, one day be displayed in illustration of the history of Scottish Ballad and Song, for which no man possesses more ample materials. The story will remind the readers of the Border Minstrelsy of the tale of Young Tamlane. But this is only a solitary and not very marked instance of coincidence, whereas several of the other ballads in the same collection find exact counterparts in the Kampe Viser. Which may have been the originals will be a question for future antiquaries. Mr. Jamieson, to secure the power of literal translation, has adopted the old Scottish idiom, which approaches so near to that of the Danish, as almost to give word for word, as well as line for line, and indeed in many verses the orthography alone is altered. As Wester Haf, mentioned in the first stanza of the ballad, means the West Sea, in opposition to the Baltic, or East Sea, Mr. Jamieson inclines to be of opinion, that the scene of the disenchantment is laid in one of the Orkney, or Hebride Islands. To each verse in the original is added a burden, Think'st thou he trow'd thine omen aught? Am I to hie, and make me known? XI. "Nay, lovely Ellen !-dearest, nay! Be sure he's safe: and for the Græme,- Now Eline, the husbande's huswife, has St. 1. Wold, a wood; woody fastness. Ligg, lie. Sairly, sorely. 3. Aik, oak. Grewsome, terrible. Bald, bold. 4. Kipples, (couples,) beams joined at the top, for supporting a roof, in building. Backs, balks; cross beams. 5. Weiest, smallest. Fley, frighten. 466 "Now must I teach to hew the beech, 17. An, if. Bide, abide Leminan, mistress. 18. Nae-gate, nowise. 19. Couth, could, knew how to. Lat be, let alone. Gude, goods; property. 20. Aneath, beneath. Dialling-stead, dwelling-place 21. Sary, sorrowful. Rede, counsel; consultation. Forfairn, forlorn; lost; gone. Tyne, (verb neut.) be lost: perish. 22 Will of rede, bewildered in thought; in the Danish original "piltraadige," Lat. "inops consihi," Gr. anopy. This expression is left among the desiderata in the Glossary to Ritson's Romances, and has never been explained. It is obsolete in the Danish as well as in English. Fare, go. 23. Rud, red of the cheek. Clem', in the Danish, klemt; (which, in the north of England, is still in use, as the word starred is with us :) brought to a dying state. It is used by our old comedians. Harm, grief; as in the original, and in the old Teutonic, English, and Scottish poetry. 21. Waefu, woful. Rew, take ruth; pity. Fa, (Isl. Dan. and Swed.) take; get; acquire; procure; have for my lot. -This Gothic verb answers, in its direct and secondary significations, exactly to the Latin capio; and Allan Ramsay was right in his definition of it. It is quite a different word from fa', an abbreviation of 'fall, or befall; and is the principal root in fangen, to fang, take, or lay hold of. 25. Fay, faith. Mold, mould; earth. Mat, mote; might. El, an elf. This term, in the Welsh, signifies what has in itself the power of motion; a moving principle; an intelligence; a spirit; an angel. In the Hebrew, it bears the same ìmport 26. Minted, attempted; meant; showed a mind, or intention to. The original is: "Hand mindte, hende forst-og anden gang; Hun giordis i hiortet sa vee: End blef hand den lediste deifvel Der hand vilde minde den tredie gang," &c. Syth, tide; time. Kyth, appear. 28. Stound, hour; time; moment. 35. oe, an island of the second magni- Moody, strongly and wilfully passion- 36. Cour'd, recover'd. ate. THE GHAIST'S WARNING. TRANSLATED FROM THE DANISH KÆMPE VISER, p. 721. By the permission of Mr. Jamieson, this ballad is added from the same curious Collection. It contains some passages of great pathos. Svend Dyring hand rider sig op under oe, (Vare jeg selver ung) Der faste hand sig saa ven en moe. (Mig lyster udi lunden at ride,) &c. Child Dyring has ridden him up under oe,* (I the greenwood it lists me to ride.) And they seven bairns hae gotten in fere. Sae Death's come there intill that stead, And that winsome lily flower is dead. That swain he has ridden him up under oe, And said, "Ye sall ligg i' the bare strae!" "Under oe."-The original expression has been preserved here and else where, because no other could be found to supply its place. There is just as Juuch meaning in it in the translation as in the original; but it is a standard Danish ballad phrase; and as such, it is hoped, will be allowed to pass. +"Fair."-The Dan. and Swed. ven, can, or venne, and the Gael. ban, in the oblique cases bhan (van) is the origin of the Scottish bonny, which has sonuch puzzled all the etymologists. "And for vest of pall, thy fingers small, That wont on harp to stray, A cloak must shear from the slaughter'd deer To keep the cold away." She took frae them the groff wax-light: Says, "Now ye sall ligg i' the mirk a' night!" "And thou sall come back when the cock does craw; For thou nae langer sall bide awa.' Wi' her banes sae stark a bowt she gae; For sooth ye're a woman baith fair and fine; My mither was white, wi' cheek sae red; To thy bairnies I'll do the best I may." Aye when they heard the dog nirr and bell, Aye whan the dog did wow, in haste They cross'd and sain'd themsells frae the ghaist Aye whan the little dog yowl'd, with fear They shook at the thought that the dead was near. |