Handbook of South American ArchaeologyHelaine Silverman, William Isbell Perhaps the contributions of South American archaeology to the larger field of world archaeology have been inadequately recognized. If so, this is probably because there have been relatively few archaeologists working in South America outside of Peru and recent advances in knowledge in other parts of the continent are only beginning to enter larger archaeological discourse. Many ideas of and about South American archaeology held by scholars from outside the area are going to change irrevocably with the appearance of the present volume. Not only does the Handbook of South American Archaeology (HSAA) provide immense and broad information about ancient South America, the volume also showcases the contributions made by South Americans to social theory. Moreover, one of the merits of this volume is that about half the authors (30) are South Americans, and the bibliographies in their chapters will be especially useful guides to Spanish and Portuguese literature as well as to the latest research. It is inevitable that the HSAA will be compared with the multi-volume Handbook of South American Indians (HSAI), with its detailed descriptions of indigenous peoples of South America, that was organized and edited by Julian Steward. Although there are heroic archaeological essays in the HSAI, by the likes of Junius Bird, Gordon Willey, John Rowe, and John Murra, Steward states frankly in his introduction to Volume Two that “arch- ology is included by way of background” to the ethnographic chapters. |
Contents
Continental Introduction | 3 |
Profiles in Pleistocene History | 29 |
Chinchorro Culture Pioneers of the Coast of the Atacama Desert | 45 |
Early Occupations in the Southern Cone | 59 |
The Process of Sedentism in Northwestern South America | 79 |
Central Andean Environments | 93 |
Plant Domestication and the Shift to Agriculture in the Andes | 105 |
Animal Domestication in South America | 121 |
Andean Urbanism | 633 |
The Tupi Expansion | 659 |
Life on the Move Bioarchaeological Contributions to the Study of Migration and Diaspora Communities in the Andes | 671 |
Chavin de Huantar and Its Sphere of Influence | 681 |
The Mochicas | 707 |
Wari and Tiwanaku International Identities in the Central Andean Middle Horizon | 731 |
Between Horizons Diverse Configurations of Society and Power in the Late PreHispanic Central Andes | 761 |
The Chimu Empire | 783 |
High Elevation Foraging Societies | 131 |
Early Fishing Societies in Western South America | 145 |
Amazonia The Historical Ecology of a Domesticated Landscape | 157 |
The Archaeology of Agriculture in Ancient Amazonia | 185 |
Agricultural Earthworks on the French Guiana Coast | 217 |
The Pampas and Campos of South America | 235 |
15 PreColumbian Mound Complexes in the Upano River Valley Lowland Ecuador | 263 |
The Archaeology of the Guianas An Overview | 279 |
Barrancoid and Arauquinoid Mound Builders in Coastal Suriname | 303 |
Sambaqui Shell Mound Societies of Coastal Brazil | 319 |
19 The Nonagricultural Chiefdoms of Marajo Island | 339 |
Ecology Ceramic Chronology and Distribution Longterm History and Political Change in the Amazonian Floodplain | 359 |
Chiefdoms of Southwestern Colombia | 381 |
Late PreHispanic Chiefdoms of Northern Colombia and the Formation of Anthropogenic Landscapes | 405 |
The Prehistory of Venezuela Not Necessarily an Intermediate Area | 429 |
The Ecuadorian Formative | 459 |
Early Regional Polities of Coastal Ecuador | 489 |
Late PreHispanic Polities of Coastal Ecuador | 505 |
Late PreHispanic Chiefdoms of Highland Ecuador | 527 |
The Formative Period in the Titicaca Basin | 545 |
29 Paracas and Nasca Regional Cultures on the South Coast of Peru | 563 |
Social Landscapes in PreInca Northwestern Argentina | 587 |
Early Cultural Complexity on the Coast of Peru | 607 |
The Inca Empire | 809 |
The Inca Khipu KnottedCord Record Keeping in the Andes | 831 |
Experiencing Inca Domination in Northwestern Argentina and the Southern Andes | 845 |
Interzonal Relationships in Ecuador | 865 |
Cultural Boundaries and Crossings Ecuador and Peru | 889 |
45 Chachapoyas Cultural Development at an Andean Cloud Forest Crossroads | 903 |
The Llanos de Mojos | 927 |
Amazonian Mosaics Identity Interaction and Integration in the Tropical Forest | 941 |
The Archaeology of Northern Chile | 963 |
Interaction and Social Fields in San Pedro de Atacama Northern Chile | 979 |
Prehistoric Funeral Practices in the Brazilian Amazon The Maraca Urns | 1005 |
Ancestor Images in the Andes | 1027 |
Trophy HeadTaking and Human Sacrifice in Andean South America | 1047 |
Archaeology Globalization and the Nation Appropriating the Past in Ecuador | 1063 |
Cultural Heritage Management in Peru Current and Future Challenges | 1073 |
The Bennett Monolith Archaeological Patrimony and Cultural Restitution in Bolivia | 1089 |
Modernity and Politics in Colombian Archaeology | 1103 |
From the Erasure to the Rewriting of Indigenous Pasts The Troubled Life of Archaeology in Uruguay | 1115 |
Public Archaeology and Management of the Brazilian ArchaeologicalCultural Heritage | 1127 |
Conclusion | 1137 |
1159 | |
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Common terms and phrases
agricultural Amazon Amazonian American Antiquity American Archaeology Ancient Andean Antropología Arauquinoid archaeological architecture Arqueología Arqueológicas artifacts Barrancoid basin Bogotá Burger burials camelid Casma Valley central ceramic ceremonial Cerro Chachapoya Chan Chavín de Huantar chiefdoms Chile Chimú coast coastal Colombia complex cultural dates Department of Anthropology domestic early Early Horizon Ecuador edited elite evidence excavations Figure forest Formative groups Guiana Helaine Silverman Hertenrits highlands Holocene Huaca Huari human Inca Instituto Isbell khipu landscape Late Lathrap Lima located lowlands maize masl Meggers Middle Horizon Moche Mochica mounds Muisca Nacional Nasca northern occupation Orinoco Pampa Paracas patterns Period Peru Peruvian phase plaza polities population pottery Pozorski pre-Hispanic Preceramic prehistoric Press production Quebrada Quito radiocarbon raised fields region Río ritual River sambaquis Santa settlements shell social societies South America southern Steward stone style Tiahuanaco tion Titicaca Tiwanaku tradition tropical Universidad University Valdivia Valley Wari