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Every householder or head of a family shall be entitled, in addition to the articles now exempt from levy or distress for rent, to hold, exempt from levy, seizure, garnisheeing, or sale under an execution, order or other process issued on any demand for any debt heretofore or hereafter contracted, his real and personal property, or either, including money and debts due him, whether heretofore or hereafter acquired or contracted, to the value of not exceeding two thousand dollars, to be selected by him: Provided, that such exemption shall not extend to any execution, order or other pro cess issued on any demand in the following cases:

First. For the purchase-price of said property or any part thereof. Second. For services rendered by a laboring person or a mechanic. Third. For liabilities incurred by any public officer or officer of a court, or any fiduciary, or any attorney at law, for money collected. Fourth.-For a lawful claim for any taxes, levies or assessments accruing after the first day of June, 1866. Fifth-For rent hereafter accruing. Sixth-For the legal or taxable fees of any public officer or officers of a court hereafter accruing.

2. XI.

The foregoing section shall not be construed as subjecting the property hereby exempted, or any portion thereof, to any lien by reason of any execution levied on property

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which has been subsequently restored to the defendant, or judg ment rendered or docketed on or after the 17th day of April, 1861, and before the 2d day of March, 1867, for any debt contracted previous to the 4th day of April, 1864, except debts of the character mentioned in either of the above first three exceptions. 3. XI.

Nothing contained in this article shall be construed to interfere with the sale of property aforesaid, or any portion thereof, by virtue of any mortgage, deed of trust, pledge or other security thereon.

4. XI.

The General Assembly is hereby pro hibited from passing any law staying the collection of debts, commonly known as "stay laws;" but this section shall not be construed as prohibiting any legislation which the General Assembly may deem necessary to fully carry out the provisions of this article.

5. XI.

The General Assembly shall, at its first session under this Constitution, prescribe in what manner and on what conditions the said householder or head of a family shall thereafter set apart and hold for himself and family a homestead out of any property hereby exempted, and may, in its discretion, determine in what manner and on what conditions he may thereafter hold, for the benefit of himself and family, such personal property as he may have and coming within the exemption hereby made. But this section shall not be construed as authorizing the General Assembly to defeat or impair the benefits intended to be conferred by the provisions of this article.

6. XI.

An act of the General Assembly, entitled "An act to exempt the homesteads of families from forced sales,"

The provisions of this article shall be construed liberally, to the end that all the intents thereof may be fully and perfectly carried out.

8. XI.

The rights of ecclesiastical bodies in and to church property conveyed to them by regular deed of conveyance shall not be affected by the late civil war, nor by any antecedent or subsequent event, nor by any act of the Legislature purporting to gov. ern the same, but all such property shall pass to and be held by the parties set forth in the original deed of conveyance, or the legal assignees of such original parties holding through or by conveyance, and any act or acts of the Legisla ture in opposition thereto shall be null and void.

9. XI.

The children of parents one or both of whom were slaves at and during the period of cohabitation, and who were recognized by the father as his children, and whose mother was recognized by such father as his wife, and was cohabitated with as such, shall be as capable of inheriting any estate whereof such father may have died seized and possessed as though they had been born in lawful wedlock.

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1. XIX.

WASHINGTON.

The Legislature shall protect by law from forced sale a certain portion of the homesteads and other property of all heads of families.

48. VI.

WEST VIRGINIA.

Any husband or parent, residing in this State, or the infant children of deceased parents, may hold a homestead of the value of one thousand dollars, and personal property to the value of two hundred dollars, exempt from forced sale subject to such regulations as shall be prescribed by law: Provided, That such homestead exemption shall in no wise effect debts or liabilities existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution: And provided further, that no property shall be exempt from sale for taxes due thereon, or for the payment of purchase-money due upon said property, or for debts contracted for the erection of improvements thereon.

1. XIX.

WYOMING.

A homestead as provided by law shall be exempt from forced sale under any process of law, and shall not be alienated without the joint consent of husband and wife, when that relation exists; but no property shall be exempt from sale for taxes, or for the payment of obligations contracted for the purchase of said premises, or for the erection of improvements thereon.

There shall be established a bureau of immigration, labor and statistics, which shall be under the charge of a commissioner of immigration, labor and statistics, who shall be appointed by the Governor, by and with the consent of the Senate. The commissioner shall hold his office for two years, and until his successor shall have been appointed and qualified, unless sooner removed. The commissioner shall collect information upon the subject of labor, its relation to capital, the hours of labor and the earnings of laboring men and women, and the means of promoting their material, social, intellectual and moral prosperity. The commissioner shall annually make a report in writing to the Governor of the State of the information collected and collated by him, and containing such recommendations as he may deem calculated to promote the efficiency of the bureau.

2. XIII.

Not more than eight (8) hours' actual

work shall constitute a lawful day's work on all State and municipal works.

3. XIII.

All labor of convicts confined in the State's prison shall be done within the prison grounds, except where

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the work is done on public works under the direct control of the State. 4. XIII. The employment of children under the age of fourteen (14) years in under ground mines is prohibited.

5. XIII.

No person, not a citizen of the United States, or who has not declared his intention to become such, shall be employed upon, or in connection with, any State or municipal works. 6. XIII.

The Legislature shall provide by proper legislation for giving to mechanics, laborers, and material men an adequate lien on the subject-matter of their labor.

7. XIII.

The Legislature may establish boards of arbitration, whose duty it shall be to hear and determine all differences and controversies between laborers and their employers which may be submitted to them in writing by all the parties. Such boards of arbitration shall possess all the powers and authority in respect to administering oaths, subpoenaing witnesses, and compelling their attendance, preserving order during the sittings of the board, punishing for contempt, and requiring the production of papers and writings, and all other powers and privileges, in their nature applicable, conferred by law on justices of the peace.

8. XIII. The commissioner of immigration, labor and statistics shall perform such duties and receive such compensation as may be prescribed by law.

243.

KENTUCKY.

The General Assembly shall, by law

Sec. Art. fix the minimum ages at which children may be employed in places dangerous to life or health, or injurious to morals; and shall provide adequate penalties for violations of such law.

1. X.

MARYLAND.

There shall be a Superintendent of Labor and Agriculture elected by the qualified voters of this State at the first general election for Delegates to the General Assembly after the adoption of this Constitution who shall hold his office for the term of four years, and until the election and qualification of his successor. 2. X.

His qualifications shall be the same as those prescribed for the Comptroller; he shall qualify and enter upon the duties of his office on the second Monday of January next succeeding the time of his election; and a vacancy in the office shall be filled by the Governor for the residue of the term.

3. X.

He shall perform such of the duties now devolved by law upon the Commissioner of Immigration, and the Immigration Agent, as will promote the object for which those officers were appointed, and such other duties as may be assigned to to him by the General Assembly, and shall receive a salary of twentyfive hundred dollars a year; and after his election and qualification, the offices before mentioned shall cease.

4. X.

He shall supervise all the State inspectors of agricultural products and fertilizers; and from time to time, shall carefully examine and audit their accounts, and prescribe regulations, not inconsistent with law, tending to secure economy and efficiency in the business of their

offices. He shall have the supervision of the tobacco warehouses and all other buildings used for inspection and storage purposes by the State; and may, at the discretion of the Legislature, have the supervision of all public buildings now belonging to or which may hereafter be erected by the State. He shall frequently inspect such buildings as are committed to his charge, and examine all accounts for labor and materials required for their construction or repairs.

5. X.

He shall inquire into the undeveloped resources of wealth of the State of Maryland, more especially concerning those within the limits of Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, which belong to the State, and suggest such plans as may be calculated to render them available as sources of

revenue.

6. X.

He shall make detailed reports to every General Assembly within the first week of its session, in reference to each of the subjects committed to his charge, and he shall also report to the Governor, in the recess of the Legislature, all abuses or irregularities which he may find to exist in any department of public affairs with which his office is connected.

7. X.

The office hereby established shall continue for four years from the date of the qualification of the first incumbent thereof; and shall then expire, unless continued by the General Assembly.

MONTANA.

1. XVIII. The Legislative Assembly may provide for a bureau of agriculture, labor and industry, to be located at the capitol and be under the control of a commissioner appointed by

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caused by willful failure to comply with the provisions of this article, or laws passed in pursuance hereof, a right of action shall accrue to the party injured, for the damage sustained thereby, and in all cases in this State, whenever the death of a person shall be caused by wrongful act, neglect or default, such as would, if death had not ensued, have entitled the party injured to maintain an action to recover damages in respect thereof, the person who or the corporation which would have been liable, if death had not ensued, shall be liable for an action for damages notwithstanding the death of the person injured, and the Legislature shall provide by law at its first session for the manner in which the right of action in respect thereto shall be enforced. 1. XIX.

Eight (8) hours actual work shall constitute a lawful day's work in all mines, and on all State and municipal works.

1. XX.

It shall be unlawful for any person, company, or corporation, to require from its servants or employes as a condition of their employment, or otherwise, any contract or agreement, whereby such person, company or corporation shall be released or discharged from liability or responsibility, on account of personal injuries received by such servants or employes, while in the service of such person, company or corporation, by reason of the neg ligence of such person, company or corporation, or the agents or employes thereof, and such contracts shall be absolutely null and void.