All elections by the people shall be by ballot; every ballot voted shall be numbered in the order in which it shall be received, and the number recorded by the election officers on the list of voters, opposite the name of the voter who presents the ballot. The election officers shall be sworn or affirmed not to disclose how any voter shall have voted unless required to do so as witnesses in a judicial proceeding: Provided, that in all cases of contested elections the ballots cast may be counted, compared with the list of voters, and examined under such safeguards and regulations as may be prescribed by law. 6. VIII.

All elections by persons in a representative capacity, shall be viva voce.

9. VIII.

The trial and determination of contested elections of all public officers, whether State, judicial, municipal or local, except Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, shall be by the courts of law, or

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by one or more of the judges thereof. The General Assembly shall, by general law, designate the court or judge by whom the several classes of election contests shall be tried, and regulate the manner of trial and all matters incident thereto; but no such law, assigning jurisdiction or regulating its exercise, shall apply to any contest arising out of any election held before said law shall take effect.

1. IX.

MONTANA.

All elections by the people shall be by ballot.

6. VII.

NEBRASKA.

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vacancies not otherwise provided for by this Constitution, or the Constitution of the United States, shall be made in such manner as inay be directed by law, but no appointing power shall be exercised by the General Assembly, except as prescribed in this Constitution, and in the election of United States Senators; and in these cases the vote shall be taken "viva voce." 54. II.

In all elections to be made by the Legislative Assembly, or either house thereof, the members shall vote viva voce, and their votes shall be entered in the journal. 2. V.

All elections shall be by ballot.

All elections by the citizens shall be by ballot. Every ballot voted shall be numbered in the order in which it shall be received, and the number recorded by the election officers on the list of voters, opposite the name of the elector who presents the ballot. Any elector may write his name upon his ticket or cause the same to be written thereon and attested by a citizen of the district. The election officers shall be sworn or affirmed not to disclose how any elector shall have voted unless required to do so

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as witnesses in a judicial proceeding.

12. VIII.

All elections by persons in a representative capacity shall be viva voce. 17. VIII.

The trial and determination of contested elections of electors of President and Vice-President, members of the General Assembly, and of all public officers, whether State, judicial, municipal or local, shall be by the courts of law, or by one or more of the law judges thereof; the General Assembly shall, by general law, designate the courts and judges by whom the several classes of election contests shall be tried, and regulate the manner of trial and all matters incident thereto; but no such law assigning jurisdiction, or regulat ing its exercise, shall apply to any contest arising out of an election held before its passage.

RHODE ISLAND.

2. VIII.

The voting for Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney-General, General Treasurer and Representative to Congress shall be by ballot; Senators and Representatives to the General Assembly, and town or city officers, shall be chosen by ballot, on demand of any seven persons entitled to vote for the same; and in all cases where an election is made by ballot or paper vote, the manner of balloting shall be the same as is now required in voting for general officers, until otherwise prescribed by law.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

24. II.

In all elections by the General Assembly, or either house thereof,