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Courts of justice shall be open to every person, and a speedy remedy afforded for every injury of person, property or character; and that right and justice shall be administered without sale, denial or delay. 23. III.

The right of trial by jury shall be secured to all, and remain inviolate, but in all civil cases and in all criminal cases not amounting to felony, upon default of appearance or by consent of the parties expressed in such manner as the law may prescribe, a trial by jury may be waived, or a trial had by any less number of jurors than the number provided by law. A jury in a justices court, both in civil cases and in cases of criminal misdemeanor, shall consist of not more than six persons. In all civil actions and in all criminal cases not amounting to felony, two-thirds in number of the jury may render a verdict, and such verdict so rendered shall have the same force and effect as if all of such jury concurred therein.

Sec. Art.

6. I.

NEBRASKA.

The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate, but the Legislature may authorize trial by jury of a less number than twelve men, in courts inferior to the District Court.

13. I.

All courts shall be open, and every person, for any injury done him in his lands, goods, person or reputation shall have a remedy by due course of law, and justice administered without denial or delay.

3. I.

NEVADA.

The right of trial by jury shall be secured to all, and remain inviolate forever; but a jury trial may be waived by the parties in all civil cases, in the manner to be prescribed by law; and in civil cases, if three-fourths of the jurors agree upon a verdict, it shall stand and have the same force and effect as a verdict by the whole jury: Provided, The Legislature, by a law passed by a two-thirds vote of all the members elected to each branch thereof, may require a unanimous verdict, notwithstanding this provision.

14.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Every subject of this State is entitled to a certain remedy, by having recourse to the laws, for all injuries he may receive in his person, property or character; to obtain right and justice freely, without being obliged to purchase it; completely, and without any denial; promptly, and without any delay; conformable to the laws.

Sec. Art. 17.

Trial by Jury.

In criminal prosecutions, the trial of facts in the vicinity where they happen is so essential to the security of the life, liberty and estate of the citizen, that no crime or offense ought to be tried in another county than in which it is committed, except that in cases of general insurrection in any particular county, when it shall appear to the judges of the Superior Court that an impartial trial cannot be had in the county where the offense may be committed, and, upon their report, the Legislature shall think proper to direct the trial in the nearest county in which an impartial trial can be obtained.

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In all controversies concerning property, and in all suits between two or more persons, except in cases in which it has been heretofore otherwise used and practiced, and except in cases in which the value in controversy does not exceed one hundred dollars and title of real estate is not concerned, the parties have a right to trial by jury; and this method of procedure shall be held sacred, unless, in cases arising on the high seas and such as relate to mariners' wages, the Legislature shall think it necessary hereafter to alter it.

21.

In order to reap the fullest advantage of the inestimable privilege of trial by jury, great care ought to be taken that none but qualified persons should be appointed to serve; and such ought to be fully compensated for their travel, time and attendance.

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Sec. Art.

by having recourse to the laws, for all injuries or wrongs which he may receive in his person, property or character. He ought to obtain right and justice freely and without purchase, completely and without denial; promptly and without delay; conformably to the laws.

15. I.

The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate.

11. I.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate.

15. I.

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The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate, and shall extend to all cases at law without regard to the amount in controversy, but the Legislature may provide for a jury of less than twelve in any court not a court of record, and for the decision of civil cases by three-fourths of the jury in any court. 20. VI.

All courts shall be open, and every man for an injury done him in his property, person or reputation, shall have remedy by due course of law, and right and justice administered without denial or delay.

6. I.

TENNESSEE.

That the right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate, and no religious or political test shall

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Courts of justice shall be maintained in every county in this State, and also in new counties when formed; which courts shall be open for the trial of all causes proper for their cognizance; and justice shall be therein impartially administered without corruption or unnecessary delay. The judges of the Supreme Court shall be justices of the peace throughout the State; and the several judges of the County Courts, in their respective counties, by virtue of their office, except in the trial of such causes as may be appealed to the County Court.

12.

That when any issue in fact, proper for the cognizance of a jury, is joined in a court of law, the parties have a right to trial by jury, which ought to be held sacred.

Sec. Art.

21.

That no person shall be liable to be transported out of this State for trial for any offense committed within the same.

31. (Ch. 2.)

Trials of issues, proper for the cognizance of a jury, in the Supreme and County Courts, shall be by jury, except where parties otherwise agree; and great care ought to be taken to prevent corruption or partiality in the choice and return or appointment of jurors.

10. I.

WASHINGTON.

Justice in all cases shall be administered openly and without unnecessary delay.

21. I.

The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate, but the Legislature may provide for a jury of any number less than twelve in courts not of record, and for a verdict by nine or more jurors in civil cases in any court of record, and for waiving of the jury in civil cases where the consent of the parties interested is given thereto.

WEST VIRGINIA.

13. III. (As amended see Acts 1879, p. 182.) In suits at common law, where the value in controversy exceeds twenty dollars exclusive of interest and costs, the right of trial by jury, if required by either party, shall be preserved; and in such suit before a justice a jury may consist of six persons. No fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any case than according to the rules of the common law. 14. III.

Trials of crimes, and of misde

Sec. Art.

MEALITE,

Trial by Jury.

unless herein otherwise provided, shall be by a jury of twelve men, public withcat unreasonable delay, and in the county where the alleged offense was committed, unless upon petition of the accused. and for good cause shown, it is removed to some other county. In all such trials the accused shall be fully and plainly informed of the character and cause of the accusation, and be confronted with the witnesses against him, and shall have the assistance of counsel, and a reasonable time to prepare for his defense; and there shall be awarded to him compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor.

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For any injury to person or property caused by wilful failure to comply with the provisions of this article, or laws passed in pursuance hereof, a right of action shall accrue to the party injured, for the damage sustained thereby, and in all cases in this State, whenever the death of a person shall be caused by wrongful act, neglect or default, such as would, if death had not ensued, have entitled the party injured to maintain an action to recover damages in respect thereof, the person who or the corporation which would have been liable, if death had not ensued, shall be liable for an action for damages notwithstanding the death of the person injured, and the Legislature shall provide by law at its first session for the manner in which the right of action in respect thereto shall be enforced.

8. I.

All courts shall be open and every person for an injury done to person, reputation or property shall have justice administered without sale, denial or delay. Suit; may be brought against the State in such manner and in such courts as the Legislature may by law direct.

9. I.

The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate in criminal cases, but a jury in civil cases in all courts, or in criminal cases in courts not of record, may consist of less than twelve men, as may be prescribed by law. Hereafter a grand jury may consist of twelve men, any nine of whom concurring may find an indictment, but the Legislature may change, regulate or abolish the grand jury system.

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