Assault on Rural Poverty: The Case of EthiopiaIn Assault on Rural Poverty, Haileleul Getahun analyzes the various causes of rural poverty and constraints impeding increased agricultural productivity during the last four decades in Ethiopia, under three different regimes. Getahun examines the feudalistic system under Emperor Haile Selassie, the command economic system of the military junta led by Mengistu Haile Mariam, and the current capitalist system of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia led by Meles Zenawi. Getahun discusses the lessons drawn from Ethiopian experience during these three regimes, as well as from other African and Asian countries. These provide the basis for recommending a small farmer-led agricultural and rural development strategy that, if implemented, would alleviate rural poverty in Ethiopia. The author maintains that the keys for successful development are the provision of institutional savings and credit for small-scale farmers and small business owners; the deep involvement of the community in project planning, implementation, evaluation and sharing of the benefits; and the use of development support communication for motivation, information dissemination, and training. Getahun argues strongly that ethnic politics in Ethiopia are destructive to Ethiopian society and militates against sustainable development. Rather, the path to peace and sustainable development requires that ethnic politics be scrapped and replaced by a genuinely democratic and widely acceptable system of governance. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
12 What Should be Done | 5 |
13 This Study | 6 |
Historical Background | 11 |
22 Population Growth | 12 |
23 Urbanization | 13 |
24 Land Tenure | 14 |
25 Environmental Degradation | 17 |
82 Sources of Rural Credit in Ethiopia | 105 |
83 The Problem of Lending to Small Farmers | 108 |
84 Credit Delivery Methodology | 110 |
85 Informal Savings and Loan Associations | 112 |
Participatory Development | 115 |
92 Obstacles to the Participatory Development Approach | 116 |
93 Involving Rural People in Participatory Development | 118 |
94 Grassroots Organizations | 121 |
Rural Poverty | 21 |
32 The FoodPopulation Equation | 23 |
34 Health and Nutrition | 26 |
35 Other Indicators of Poverty | 27 |
The 1960 Abortive Coup Detat and its Aftermath | 33 |
42 Policies and Priorities in Agriculture | 43 |
PostImperial Development Crises The Derg Era 19741991 | 51 |
52 Resettlement | 56 |
53 Villagization | 57 |
54 State Farms | 58 |
55 Agricultural Producer Cooperatives | 60 |
PostDerg Development Crises The EPRDF Era 19911999 | 69 |
61 Economic Policies | 72 |
62 Land Policies | 73 |
63 Annexation of New Lands | 75 |
64 Ethnic RegionalismFederalism | 77 |
The African and Regional Development Context | 83 |
71 The Lagos Plan of Action for Africa | 85 |
72 The World Banks Agenda for Action | 87 |
73 The World Banks From Crisis to Sustainable Growth | 88 |
74 The ECAs Special Memorandum on Africas Economic and Social Crisis | 89 |
The Challenge of Economic Recovery and Accelerated Development | 90 |
Africas Food Security Crisis | 94 |
77 Donor Trends and Issues in Africa | 95 |
78 An Alternative Development Strategy | 97 |
79 The Importance of Smallholder Agriculture | 98 |
Agricultural Credit in the Rural Subsistence Sector | 103 |
81 Savings Mobilization | 104 |
95 Collaboration between Government and Grassroots Organizations | 122 |
96 The Ethiopian Experience with Grassroots Organizations | 124 |
97 A Methodology for Promotion of Participatory Development | 126 |
Development Support Communication | 131 |
101 Development Support Communication in Rural Development | 134 |
102 Development Support Communication Activities | 136 |
103 Transfer of Technology visavis Knowledge Utilization | 137 |
104 Needs Assessment and Audience Analysis | 139 |
105 Target Groups in Ethiopia | 141 |
106 DSC CapacityBuilding in Ethiopia | 145 |
Conclusion a Strategy and Interventions to Alleviate Rural Poverty | 149 |
112 A Strategy for Poverty Alleviation | 153 |
113 Interventions Required to Alleviate Rural Poverty | 155 |
Rural Savings and Access to Credit | 157 |
Participatory Development Planning and Implementation | 158 |
Development Support Communication | 159 |
Crop Production Technologies | 160 |
Rural Women in Development | 161 |
Saving the Environment | 162 |
Land Tenure | 164 |
Land Resettlement | 165 |
Human Capital Development | 166 |
Relief and Reconstruction Efforts for the Poor | 167 |
Population and Family Planning | 168 |
Ethnic Regionalism | 169 |
Glossary | 173 |
177 | |
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activities Addis Ababa Africa World Press African countries African Development agencies agrarian Agricultural Development agricultural production Amhara ethnic basic human needs beneficiaries change agents crop Democratic Derg development programs development strategy Development Support Communication donors drought economic development efforts Emperor EPRDF Eritrea Ethiopia Ethiopian Register ethnic famine farms Gondar grassroots organizations green revolution groups growth rate Haile Selassie Harare Declaration hectares implement improved incentives increased inputs investment irrigation Kenya Lagos Plan land reform land tenure loans major Meles Zenawi Mengistu Mengistu Hailemariam military million ownership participation Participatory Development Peasant Associations percent political problems producer cooperatives projects promote regime regional resettlement revolution rural areas rural development rural poverty savings mobilization small farmers smallholder agriculture social sub-Saharan Africa sustainable tenants Tigray TPLF United Nations urban villagization Wollo women World Bank World Bank Group World Press Inc