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Múláy Ahmed, the nephew of Mú- 1680
láy Ismáaíl, governor of Dara and
Sús, undertook an expedition into
Súdán, with a large body of troops,
and although he lost 1500 men in
crossing the desert, brought back
a rich spoil in gold and slaves, prin-
cipally from a place called Tagaret,
which it is not easy to identify,
especially as it is said that he found

there a king of Súdán. It is pro-
bably a place in Taganet, most
likely Tejígja. There is no men-
tion of a garrison dependent upon
Morocco. In this same year Tim-
búktu is said to have been con-
quered by the Mandingoes (Bám-
bara ?).

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1083

1091

1140-1

Hennún, the son of Bóhedal, chief of the Welád Mebárek, received the investiture as ruler of Bághena from Ismáaíl.

About this time Sóba, the mighty king of Góber, residing in Mághale, one day W. of Chéberi, makes warlike expeditions beyond the Kwára.

* There is great confusion in an article concerning this subject in a letter addressed by Jackson to Sir James Bankes, in the Proceedings of the African Association, vol. i. p. 366. Here the annual tribute which Timbúktu paid to this king is estimated at 5,000,000 dollars. The same sort of exaggeration we find in all Jackson's statements. † Even the very meritorious Gråberg de Hemso, in his Specchio di Marocco, p. 269., repeats this statement.

Songhay.

A.D.

A.H.

Neighbouring Kingdoms.

Múláy 'Abd-Alla succeeds to the 1729 1142-3
throne. Constant civil war in the
beginning of his reign.

1740

1153

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About this time the Kél-owí take possession of A'ír or A'sben.

1171-2 Babári, powerful king in Góber.
1184

'Abd el Káder produces a reli-
gious revolution in Fúta, com-
bined, perhaps, with a reaction
of the Wolof against the con-
querors, or rather of the race
of the Toróde,- the Wolof in-
termixed with the Fúlbe-a
gainst the element Málinké
and Púllo. Sáttigi Samba-
lámu, the last of the Sóltana
Deniankóbe. The order of the
succession is as follows:-
Chéro Solimán Bal,
Almáme 'Abdu,
Almáme Mukhtár,

Almáme Bú-bakr,

Almáme Shíray,

Almáme Yusuf,

Almáme Birán,

The chief Káwa, who rules seventy 1780

years over the Awelímmiden, establishes a powerful dominion on the north bank of the Niger (A'usa).

Timbúktu, according to the very 1787
doubtful statement of Shabínif,
under the supremacy of Háusa.
If this were true, it would be a very
important fact; but it is evidently
a mistake, A'usa being meant.

1195

Almáme Hammád,

Almáme Makhmúdo,

Almáme Mohammed el A

mín, son of Mohammed Birán.

Venture collects his information from two Moroccain merchants. Tombo very powerful. Marka, the Aswánek, in Bághena. Kawár, the Fúlbe, in Másina.

1202-3 About this period falls the quarrel between the Sheikh El Mukhtár el kebír and the Welád Bille, the former overthrowing the latter with the assistance of the Méshedúf and the Aʼhel Zenághi.

* See M. le Colonel Faidherbe, in Bulletin de la Soc. Géogr. 1850.

↑ Shabíni, p. 12.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE HISTORY OF SONGHAY. 629

Songhay.

A.D.

A.H.

Timbúktu, under the sovereignty of 1803-4 1218 Mansong, at that time king of Bambara [very questionable].* Professor Ritter † supposes the Moors to have been ejected at that time, so that Timbúktu became an independent Negro town.

Mungo Park navigates the Niger.

1804 1219

Neighbouring Kingdoms.

El Mukhtár opens friendship with Othmán dan Fódie, the Jihádi, who this year entered into open hostility against Bawa, the king of Góber, and brought about that immense revolution in the whole centre of Negroland.

About this period a great struggle between the Awelímmiden and the Tademékket.

The Fúlbe make Gandó, in Kebbi, the seat of their operations.

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+ Ritter, Erdkunde von Afrika, p. 446. seq., especially from Sídi Hámed's statement (p. 363.).

Songhay.

A.D.

A.H.

Neighbouring Kingdoms.

The Fúlbe of Másina occupy Tim- 1826 búktu in the beginning of the year. Major Laing left 'En-Sálah on the 10th of January; was attacked, and almost slain, in Wádi Ahennet, on the 27th (?) by a party of Tawárek; was received very kindly by Sídi Mohammed, the son of Sídi Mukhtar, in the hillet e' Sheikh Sídi Mukhtár, in A'zawád. Sídi Mohammed died in consequence of a contagious fever. Laing left this place about August 12th; arrived at Timbúktu, August 18th; being ordered out of the town by the Fúlbe, he left that place on September 22nd, under the protection of Ahmed Weled 'Abéda; and was murdered by him and Hámed Weled Habib, probably on the 24th.

1242-3

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