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Gent. Mag. Nov. 1791. Pl. III. p. 1001.

N.View of the Ruins of Clomines, Co.
Wexford.

the apples may be placed in order to be fweated. The apples on the groundfloor fhould be laid on a bed of itraw, and covered with hay, if there is no other covering at hand. The heaps on the wooden floors need only be covered. When they begin to prefs the apples, they are easily conveyed from thence to the preffing rollers; and, when the juice is fermented, it will prove a much more palatable, as well as a ftronger liquor,, than in the common way.

The expence of this additional building will be objected to; but if they attend to the improvement of the cyder, which will confequently give a higher price, they will find the expence of the additional building will in a few years be re-paid. AGRICOLA.

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ment to undertake it. I own, for one, I with him to purfue his plan, as Reading may furnish materials for a work of this kind, both from its antiquity, its natural and provincial fituation, and the confpicuous figure that it has made at different æras, as well as from the many eminent perfons to whom it has given birth or confequence within its walls.

If any of your numerous correfpondents can contribute any ufeful or orna. mental obfervations upon this fubject, it will oblige, among others, L. A.

Mr. URBAN,

or

Nov. 5.

Taddition to the paternal name, HE taking of a new furname only, by a warrant under the King's fign-manual, or by act of parliament, is very common; but the affumption of a new Chriftian name by licence from the bishop of the diocefe, as the prefent Sir Brooke (William) Bridges is mentioned to have done, p. 876, is an incident that now rarely occurs. In former days, to have made this alteration without the confent of the ordinary, would have exposed the offending party to ecclefiaftical cer.fures; for in the Confiftorial A&ts of the Bishop of Rochester it is recorded, "O&. 13, 1515, that Agnes Scharpe appeared, and conteffed her having, of her own motion and counfel, voluntarily changed at Confirmation the name of her infant fon to Edward, who was, when baptized, named Henry; for which the fubmitted to penance. The penance enjoined was, to make a pilgrimage to the rood at Boxley, and to carry in proceffion, on five Lord's days, a lighted taper, which he was to offer to the image of the Bleffed Mary.

"Agnes Scharpe comparuit et fatetur, quod voluntariè mutavit nomen infantis filii fui qui in baptifmo nominabatur Henricus, et in confirmatione fecit vocari Edwardus pro motione et confilio fuo, pro quo fubmifit fe poenitentiis-Cui injungitur quod peregre tranfeat ad Salvatoris ymaginem in Boxley, et quod quinque diebus dominicis in proceffione loco fuo deferat candelam illuminatam, quam offerat ymagini B. Mariæ.", Fol. 1256.

In the Life of Prynne, in the Biographical Dictionary, it is noticed from Whitelock, that the Hiftriomaflix by Prynne was licenfed by Archbishop Abbot's chaplain. The name of this chaplain is defired; and I fhall be obliged to any of your readers, who may have an

Sir Brooke Bridges, the grandfather, was high-fherift of Kent in 1733, and died in that office in the 24th year of his age.

pportunity

1002

Method of using the Cold Bath to most Advantage.

opportunity of referring to the book, to inform me, whether it was an imprimatur, without any terms of approbation or explanation, which licenfers would fome

times ufe.

W. & D.

"Fies nobilium tu quoque Fontium.”
HOR. 3 Carm. xiii. 13.

Mr. URBAN,

THE

0. 31.

HE intention of the following lines will be a fufficient apology for troubling you with them. I hope and truft the hints they contain may make them worthy the attention of many of your readers, as well as contribute to the health and comfort of fome individuals of that number; than which nothing can be more gratifying to the writer, whofe fole view in their publication is the bene fit of those who feek, what they deferve, Health.

The important good confequences of Cold-bathing needs nothing faid at this time of day to recommend it to the notice of the debilitated. The experience of mankind has taught its ufes and effects; which have been further fanctioned by many writers, and fome of the most eminent in the medical world, who have, at different times, very ably employed their pens on its fubject. To the latter for its virtues, and to the prefent enlightened Faculty for the propriety of its ule individually, the application of invalids is recommended. When that is determined, it is the mode only I am about to prefcribe.

Waving, therefore, every endeavour at attempting to offer any thing new on the general fubject, as to the medical powers of the Cold Bath, I fhail only briefly relate what led me to use the mode recommended below; what were its eftucts on myfelf, and on fome others who, by my advice, have been in the habit of ufing it; adding a few practical hints, which, I hope, will make an operation, very frightful to many, not only pleafanter, but much more effectually, and, 1 hope, more extenfively, ufetul."

From a natural delicacy in my conflitution, and withing to enjoy what one would almost think fome people thought not worth having, I have been long accustomed to this remedy, and have the greateft icafon to think I owe much comfort to its friendly aid. Sea-bathing, if any attentive obfervation has not deceived me, in general has been more certainly advantageous in its tonic powers; but whether that fuperiority ariles only from

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its holding faline particles diffolved, or whether the large body of water the fea contains is at all contributing, or if any thing is particularly due to its comparative fpecific gravity; whether the purity of the air breathed during its ufe compared with that of a crowded city, and the relaxation of the mind from business, and the amusement enjoyed in a large fo ciety, where every member feems difpoted to be and to make happy, has not each its demand; which feparately has hard to determine, while it must be althe greatest claim, it would perhaps be lowed that each has its merit. Something probably is due to its impregnation; but the fum of all thefe circumstances of its effects; and in its ufe likewise, as co-operating no doubt fills the measure well from my own obfervation as from the information of others, whofe conftitutions were alike tender, I have learned there is much lefs chance of taking cold, an accident to which the moft tender are, fpection, occafionally expofed in using even with the greatest care and circumthe Cold Bath in the ufual way. This circumftance has induced me for fome weakly children at a distance from the years past to recommend, in the dipping fea, the addition of as much fea or bay falt to the water as would make the folu tion nearly as falt, or rather a little falter than fea-water; and the event has ever fully rewarded the practice, and fubftantiated the preference; for I have feen fome unhealthy children more benefited by a few weeks bathing in this way than by months in fresh-water; and others, who have received no benefit by fresh long continued, very foon get colour, fpirits, and ftrength, from a change to the falted. The formation of fuch a bath was ealy for infants, but lefs manageable for adults. To avoid, there. fore, in the common method of using the Cold Bath, fuch temporary interruptions to its ule, and their difagreeable confequences, which I have frequently known to be a continual diftrefs to the too quickly apprehenfive mind of the valetudinarian; and ftudious myfelf to enjoy that luxury as often as poffible, with every advantage to be derived from any improvement my fancy could fuggeft; it claimed much of my attention: and many fchemes, fome inconvenient, and others impracticable, cccurred, till the following prefented itfelf to my mind; and, af ter long ufe, I have the pleasure to think it highly deferving of notice, as it feems to give the fresh-water Cold Bath fome

of the properties of fea-bathing, and to me that fatisfactory incentive to its ufe, the recollection of never having caught cold fince it was adopted. It has ftill another advantage or two of its own; the firft and not the fmalleft of which is, that by it, the towels being rendered rougher, the friction in drying after the bath is increased; and what is, I fear, too often neglected, I mean the rubbing by thofe with whom it fhould be particuJarly a matter of the firft confequence (the tender and chilly), who are generally those who are apt to be too much in a hurry to get on their cloaths, and by that means frequently take cold. For their fakes, now that friction is the fubject, viewing the importance of that part of the operation, it would feem wrong to proceed without urging the practice of it to a much greater extent than is cuflomary, and that immediately before as well as after bathing. I believe, from my own experience, that the good effects of this remedy will, in many cafes, be confiderably increased, if, before the immerfion, the body and extremities be well rubbed for a few minutes with a fiefhbrush. To the notice of thofe afflicted with chronic rheumatifm, as well as to the fhivering bather, it is very earneftly recommended. The ftay of the delicate and those with tender bowels in the water fhould be very fhort; the more robuft may indulge longer. The other, and perhaps not lefs important advantage, is that of ufing their own towels (which fhould be coarfe and rough as can be borne), untainted with the excrementi tious difcharges of the fkins of a multitude, and perhaps often negligently washed; the truth of which no very nice degree of perfection in the olfactory nerves is neceflary to difcover in the clean towels of a public bath. Except in this circumftance, perhaps no public baths in the world exceed in their conveniences and perfection thofe of London, as far as I have been able to learn.

The practice alluded to, and which I can now with confidence recommend, is that of impregnating the towels with fea falt, by dipping them in a folution of that falt in water, and then drying them. The folution I have ufed is four ounces to a quart of water: a coarfe hand towel of the common fize, by being thoroughly wetted in this folution, when dried, acquires an increafe of weight of about an Ounce, confequently contains that quantity of fea falt, which is as much, perhaps, as is neceffary, or as would be

pleafant. The folution may be repeated, after three or four times ufing them, by thofe who are fatisfied with one fet of towels fome time, as eafily as once by the more nice. The roughness given to the cloths, when dry, by the falt, affifted probably by the ftimulus of the falt itfelf, adds very confiderably to the much-to-be-wifhed-for glow. And as, in the action of rubbing the body, fome of the falt becomes diffolved by the drops hanging to the skin, and is of courfe fpread over the whole furface of the body, and is partly abforbed; to that abforption, which is perhaps more alive during the empty ftate in which bathing is generally recommended, are to be attributed the good effects of medicated baths, both natural and artificial. The common fhower-bath will be much improved in its efficacy by the addition of a proper quantity of falt in its water.

What is in the prefent cafe the immediate rationale of its action, or to what caufe is to be attributed the preference of fea over fresh water, as it is not the profeffed defign of this paper, we wish to leave undifcuffed. The fafeft means of applying a powerful and pleasant remedy to the difeafed, the refult of experience, being all we intended, the modus operanai is left for a more ably-directed pen. It may be that the ftimulus given by the faline fpicula to the cuticular glands, by its abforption, may not be the fmalleft of its caufes, efpecially when it is recollected how extenfive is its application, and at the fame time the great importance of the functions of the ab-. forbing furface. How powerful frequently is the application of a folution of fome of the neutral falts in local glandular atfections topically applied! Another circumftance, worth notice in an enquiry of this kind, is the effect of tome neutral falts in fresh-drawn blood; an example of which every winter affords in a wellknown culinary preparation of hog's blood; I mean, that of preventing its coagulation. In the extreme and minute fanguiferous veffels, where the circulation must neceffarily be very weak and flow, on account of their great diftance from the fource of its motion, its moving power, and especially in thofe of the skin, when expofed to cold air in fuch fitua tions; may not fomewhat like a difpofition to coagulation exift? and may not the introduction of fuch particles do away an approaching evil? Perhaps inflinct first recommended the ufe of that material with our foed for fome fuch

996

The Biographia and the Biographical Dictionary. [Nov.

if he had finished the work in seven years. The plan was really a curiofity; and, if we could have obtained it, would have well deferved to have been printed."

The editor of the Biographia beft knows his reafons for inferting this curious paragraph in preference to the information I had given him. It certainly was very far from giving the fatisfaction I wished the publick to have on the fubject. I have only to add, that, though I may now confider myself, perhaps, as more at liberty than formerly to proceed as I think proper, I ftill have reafons, not unknown to the very learned and moft refpectable character introduced in. to the above paragraph, which prevent ne from publishing the "Principles of Chriftian Legiflation.”

At prefent I am unwilling to take up more of your valuable page. On a fu ture occafion I may probably transmit to you the plan of the work in quellion, as left by the Author. W. H.

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ble work.

1. The compilers fhould fubjoin proper authorities for all remarkable anecdotes. The laft very learned and judicious editor has, in general, attended to this rule; yet there are many confiderable omiffions, which ought to be fupplied,

II. Lives of no great importance, which have been written in feparate volumes, or prefixed to pofthumous publications by partial editors, have been haftily adopted into the Biogra phical Dictionary. A prolix account of men who have had nothing but their reputed piety, their eccentricities, or fome infignificant publications, to recommend them, should, at least, be abbreviated.

III. Many eminent writers are unnoticed. Thofe learned and induftrious criticks, commentators, grammarians, and editors, to whom we owe the revival of claffical learning, deserve an everlasting tribute of applaufe. Saxit Onomafticon will give the compilers of the Biographical Dictionary a full and comprehenfive view of the principal authors who have diftinguished themfelves in the republick of letters.

IV. Some of the best editions of the Greek and Roman clafficks, and the moft efteemed English tranflations, may be mentioned in their proper places.

V. The principal works of all celebrated authors fhould be fpecified, and, if poffible, in the order of publication. Thefe are the most important articles in the Lives of learned men. The space which a lift of their works will occupy will be no objection, if the titles are properly contracted *.

VI. It is to be prefumed, that the proprietors will commit the care of this important work to THOSE ONLY who are furnished with extenfive libraries; who are in the habit of writing in a correct, clear, terfe, unaffected style; who have given the world SOME SPECIMEN of their abilities; who are acquainted with the hiftory of literature, and capable of reviewing the characters, the controverfies, and the works of the learned, with taste and judgement, with a critical penetration and a manly frees dom. PHILOBIBLOS.

Mr. URBAN, Winchester, Sept. 28.

A

CORRESPONDENT, p. 696, de

fires to have an explanation of a graved, in which an abbot with his cropicture upon glafs, which you have enhind on the one hand, and a man richly zier is reprefented between a wounded other. It is the well-known figure of attired, in a fuppliant pofture, on the the celebrated St. Giles, the patron-faint doms. The hiftory of this renowned ab of many churches in this and other kingbot is much confused, owing to his being confounded with another abbot of the fame name, and who refided in the fame province near two centuries before him. The beft account of him ftates, that he was a Grecian by birth, who, leaving his own country, came by fea to the mouth of the Rhone, in which neighbourhood, retiring into a deep foreft, he led an hermetical life, being fupported only with herbs, and the milk of a tame hind. It is further added, that the reigning King of France, who, if he was called Childebert, as fome hiftorians inform us, muft have been the third prince of that name, happening to hunt in that neighbourhood, the habitation of the hermit; at which his hounds puriued the tame hind into time the king's bow bearer difcharging

an arrow, it wounded the faint inftead of

* Vid. Diarium Biographicum ab Henningo Witte. the

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