Facing Bank-street, and looking up the slope of that short street to High-street, but presenting a back front to the New town, and situated a few paces eastward of the southern end of the Mound, is the office of the Bank of Scotland. This is an edifice of high architectural merit, elegantly ornamented in its front and surmounted by a dome; and was erected at an expense of £75,000. From the area before it romantic and distinctive views are ob

siege of Norham castle on the English border,-rent, in 1682, when firing a salute to James, duke of York, and bearing on both sides of its elegant frame an inscription which supposes it to have been forged in 1486 at Mons. Behind the bomb-battery stands a small chapel of recent erection on the site of a very old one which it supplanted. The Castle, except on the eastern side, is exceedingly ill-adapted for the purposes of a fort, and presents an outline either of high houses or walls or points of rock hav-tained of the groupings of the New town and Caltoning little capacity for gunnery; the fortifications corresponding with none of the rules of art, but accommodating their form and their uses to the irregular sweep of the rock on which they stand. The garrison has a non-resident governor, a deputy-governor, a fort-major, a store-keeper, a master-gunner, and two chaplains, the one presbyterian, and the other episcopalian. The historical events of the Castle are so intimately blended with those of the town, that they must be woven into one tissue with them in the concluding section of this article.*

hill, with the brilliant scenery which forms the background. The building itself is a marked and beautiful feature of the picturesque and extraordinary cityview of the north side of the Old town.-The General Register house of Scotland, situated at the east end of Prince's-street, and looking down the thoroughfare of North bridge, is one of the most splendid edifices of Edinburgh. It was founded in 1774, and aided in the erection by a grant of £12,000 from George III., out of the proceeds of forfeited estates; but, at first, was completed in only half its present extent, and did not attain the complement of its original plan till 1822. It was constructed from a master-design of the celebrated Robert Adams; and combines the utmost internal commodiousness with interior architectural beauty in the best taste of the simple Grecian style. The building stands 40 feet back from the line of Prince's-street, and is screened by an enclosing parapet and ornamental iron-railing, divided in the middle by a double flight of steps. The front is of smooth ashlar work, 200 feet long, and two stories of visible height, besides a sunk floor; and it is ornamented from end to end with a beautiful Corinthian entablature, and, in the middle, has a projection of three windows in breadth, where four Corinthian pillars support a pediment, in the centre of which are sculptured the armorial bearings of Britain. The entire building is square-200 feet on each side -with a small quadrangular court in the centre. This court is surmounted or canopied by a dome, 50 feet in diameter, which leaves just sufficient space at the four angles for the ingress of light to the inner front of the outer side of the edifice. Each corner is surmounted by a turret, projecting a little from the rest of the building, having clock-dials on the exterior sides, and a cupola and vane on the top. The interior of the edifice is partly arranged into nearly 100 small arched apartments, on both floors, leading off from long corridors. There are also small rooms for the use of functionaries connected with the supreme courts, and larger apartments for the stowage of rehighly improbable. It became evident, notwithstanding, from the words they caught here and there, in the panses of the night-wind, that the conversation of the English soldiers above related to a surprise of the castle; and at length, these appal ling words broke like thunder on their ears: Stand! I see you well! A fragment of the rock was hurled down at the same instant; and, as rushing from crag to crag, it bounded over their heads, Randolph and his brave followers, in this wild, helpless, and extraordinary situation, felt the damp of mortal terror gathering upon their brow, as they clung, with a death. grip, to the precipice. The startled echoes of the rock were at length silent, and so were the voices above. The adventurers paused, listening breathless; no sound was heard but the sighing of the wind, and the measured tread of the sentinel, who had resumed his walk. The men thought they were in a dream, and no wonder; for the incident just mentioned-which is re lated by Barbour-was one of the most singular coincidences that ever occurred. The shout of the sentinel, and the missile he had thrown, were merely a boyish freak; and while listen

There is one historical event, of too romantic a nature not to be deeply interesting, yet too full of incident to be after. wards interwoven with our necessarily condensed narrative, which we may here introduce. In 1296, during the contest for the Crown between Bruce and Baliol, it was besieged and taken by the English. It still remained in their possession in 1313, at which time it was strongly garrisoned and commanded by Piers Leland, a Lombard. This governor having fallen under the suspicion of the garrison, was thrown into a dungeon, and an. other appointed to the command, in whose fidelity they had Complete confidence. It has frequently been remarked that in capturing fortresses, those attacks are generally most successful which are made upon points where the attempt appears the most desperate. Such was the case in the example now to be narrated. Randolph, Earl of Moray, was one day surveying the gigantic rock, and probably contemplating the possibility of a successful assault upon the fortress, when he was accosted by one of his men-at-arms with the question, Do you think it impracticable, my lord ?' Randolph turned his eyes upon the querist, a man a little past the prime of life, but of a firm, wellknit figure, and bearing in his bright eye, and bold and open brow, indications of an intrepidity which had already made bim remarkable in the Scottish army. Do you mean the rock, Francis ?'t said the earl; perhaps not, if we could borrow the wings of our gallant hawks.' There are wings,' replied Francis, with a thoughtful smile, as strong, as buoy ant, and as daring. My father was keeper of yonder fortress.' 'What of that? you speak in riddles.' I was then young, reckless, high-hearted; I was mewed up in that convent-like castle; my mistress was in the plain below-' Well, what then ? Saeath, my lord! can you not imagine that I speak of the wings of love? Every night I descended that steep at the witching hour, and every morning before the dawn I crept back to my barracks. I constructed a light twelve-foot ladder, by means of which I was able to pass the places that are perpendicular; and so well, at length, did become acquainted with the route, that in the darkest and stormiest night, I found my way as easily as when the moonlight enabled me to see my love in the distance, waiting for me at her cottage door.' 'You are a daring, desperate, noble fellow, Francis! However, your motive is now gone; your mistress-' She is dead: say no more; but another has taken her place.' ay, it is the soldier's way. Woman will die, or even grow old; and what are we to do? Come, who is your mistress now?' My Country. What I have done for love, I can do again for honour; and what I can accomplish, you, noble Randolph, and many of our comrades, can do for better. Give me thirty picked men, and a twelve-foot ladder, and the fortress is our own!' The Earl of Moray, whatever his real thoughts of the enterprise might have been, was not the man to refuse such a challenge. A ladder was provided, and thirty men chosen from the troops; and in the middle of a dark night, the party, commanded by Randolph himself, and guided by William Francis, set forth on their desperate enterprise. By catching at crag after crag, and digging their fingers into the interstices of the tocks, they succeeded in mounting a considerable way: but the weather was now so thick, they could receive but little assistance from their eyes; and thus they continued to climb, almost in utter darkness, like men struggling up a precipice in the nightmare. They at length reached a shelving table of the cliff, above which the ascent, for ten or twelve feet, was per.ing to the echoes of the rock, he had not the smallest idea that pendicular; and having fixed their ladder, the whole party lay down to recover breath. From this place they could hear the tread and voices of the check-watches' or patrol above; and surrounded by the perils of such a moment, it is not wonderful that some illusions may have mingled with their thoughts. They even imagined that they were seen from the battlements; although, being themselves unable to see the warders, this was

Ay,

+ The soldier's name was William Frank. Mr. Leitch Ritchie here uses the novelist's licence in dealing with the name, and in throwing the story into the form of a dialogue, but the events are faithfully narrated.

the sounds which gave pleasure to him, carried terror, and almost despair, into the hearts of the enemy. The adventurers, half uncertain whether they were not the victims of some illu sion, determined that it was as safe to go on as to turn back; and pursuing their laborious and dangerous path, they at length reached the bottom of the wall. This last barrier they scaled by means of their ladder; and leaping down among the astonished check-watches, they cried their war-cry, and in the midst of answering shouts of treason! treason!' notwithstanding the desperate resistance of the garrison, captured the Castle of Edinburgh." [Heath's Picturesque Annual. Scott and Scotland, pp. 174-7.]

gisters. The great room, or library, where are de- | mit, immediately before it, of Calton-hill, it has a posited the older records, is in the centre of the building, lined with books over all its walls, and balconied all round, at mid-elevation, with a railed gallery. This salloon is 50 feet in diameter and 80 feet high, lighted from the top by a window of 15 feet diameter; and its roof is divided into compartments elegantly ornamented with stucco-work. From the salloon, communications lead off into 23 subordinate apartments, all occupied in the conservation of documents. The whole establishment is under the immediate management of the depute-clerk register, and is supported by government,-at whose expense the sumptuous and costly edifice was completed. Opposite the Register-house, and presenting a side front, at a few feet distance, to the North bridge, is the Theatre royal. It is the plainest public building in Edinburgh, of a barn-like appearance, with a front just sufficiently ornamented to indicate that the designer had seen in his boyhood or imagined in his dreams something more elegant than a dead wall perforated with doors; and, though well-situated for subserviency, to its intrinsic objects, it obstructs the view of the magnificent Register house from the south, and is a blot upon the most important and crowded thoroughfare of the metropolis. The building was finished in 1769, at an expense-including the paraphernalia of histrionism-of about £5,000. The house is small, and does not bring more of average receipts than £60 or £65 a-night; but it appears quite large enough for the accommodation of the playgoers of Edinburgh.-On the south side of Georgestreet are the Assembly-rooms. The front is plain and unpretending, relieved only by four Doric columns as an apology for a portico. The principal room is 92 feet long, 42 wide, and 40 high; and, besides being appropriated to balls and concerts, is often used for public meetings, political, civic, charitable, and religious.

In St. Andrew's-street, where it forms the east side of St. Andrew's-square, is the elegantly edificed office of the Royal bank. The building stands apart from the neighbouring erections, and occupies a considerable recess from the street-line; and it was originally the private mansion of Sir Laurence Dundas. On the east side of Drummond place, presenting fronts to Great King-street and London-street, is the Excise-office. It is a handsome, though unornamented edifice; and was at one time the mansion of General Scott.-In Waterloo-place, on the south side, stand the Stamp-office and the general Postoffice, the former the central building to the west of Regent-bridge, and the latter the first building to the east. But though the Post-office has a spacious open porch, and both are splendid Grecian edifices four stories high, they are distinguishable from the contiguous erections mainly, if not solely, by the sculpture, in relief, of the king's arms on their summit. The light open colonnades along both sides of the street, and the general magnificence and fine proportions of all the buildings, combined with the overshadowing heights and erections of Calton-hill, surprise and delight every visiter from England or the European continent, and drew from George IV., as he slowly rode, amid his triumphal procession, within range of the view, the impassioned exclamation, "How superb!"

At the east end of Waterloo-place, on the south side, is the Town and County jail, founded in 1815, and finished in 1817. It is an extensive building, in the Saxon style of architecture, somewhat castellated. The front, on the line of street, presents to the observer on the road-way simply a high wall with a massive gateway. But seen from many points of view in the Old town, and especially from the sum

multiform and architecturally-though certainly not in moral association-a very interesting aspect. Along the street-line are apartments for the turnkeys. Behind these, with an area intervening, is the jail itself, 194 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 4 stories high, with rows of small grated windows. In the centre is a chapel with windows larger and not grated. Along the interior run corridors, opening into 48 cells, 8 feet by 6, besides some other apartments of larger dimensions. From the lower flat behind, a number of small airing grounds, separated by high walls, radiate to a point, where they are all overlooked and commanded by a small octangular watchhouse occupied by a deputy-governor. Farther back, and perched on the edge of a precipice which overhangs the Old town, is the castellated house of the governor, having in its front a small area of flowerplots. The jail has classified wards, is clean and well-managed, and possesses facilities for the practice of approved prison-discipline; but it is seriously damaged in some of its capacities by being a jail for both criminals and debtors, and wants commodiousness for the due lodgment of both.-Immediately on the east side of the jail, separated from it by a high spiked wall, stands Bridewell. In front of it, shielded by a high wall and ponderous gate on the street-line, is a neat house for the governor. Bridewell itself is of a semicircular form, and has five floors, the highest of which is distributed into store-rooms and an hospital. All round on each floor, at the middle of the breadth, is a corridor, with cells on each side, lighted respectively from the interior and the exte rior of the curvature. Those on the inner side are chiefly used as workshops, and can all be surveyed from a dark apartment in the governor's house, without the observer being himself observable. On the low floor is a tread-mill, originally constructed for the manufacture of corks, but now mounted and moved only in cure of idleness, or punishment of special delinquency. The area within the circle is a small court glazed over head. The house is under excellent regulations, and is made, as much as pos sible, the scene rather of the reclamation and the comfortable industry of its unhappy inmates, than of the punishment of their offences. On a flat exposed piece of ground, on the summit of Calton-hill, north of the National monument, stands the New observatory. It has the form of a St. George's cross, 62 feet long each way. On each of the four ends or terminating points, are six columns supporting handsome pediments. The centre is surmounted by a dome, 13 feet in diameter; and has a pillar rising up to the dome, 19 feet high, for the astronomica circle. Near it, on the north-west shoulder of Calton-hill, is the Old observatory, a plain, dingy building, three stories high.

The South bridge consists of 21 arches, and was founded in 1785, and opened in 1788. To the eye of a stranger, its existence is not readily obvious. Except at the central arch which spans the Cowgate, and where there are simple ledges, nothing is seen upon it but two lines of neat buildings and spacious shops, forming a level, a bustling, and in all respects, an ordinary-looking street. Three lanes were pulled down in order to make way for its erection; and when a trench was dug for the foundation of the central pier, at a depth of no less than 22 feet, there were found many coins of Edward I., II., and IILThe North bridge was founded in 1763, commenced in 1767, interrupted by the giving way of the vaults and side-walls at the south end in 1769, and completed in 1772, at an expense of about £18,000. It consists of three great arches, two small openside arches, and a series of small arches at each end which are

The

of the one, powerfully contrasts with the intellectual sanctioned and aided by Royal concurrence, has, up elevation of the other."-In the centre of St. An- to 1840, and perhaps permanently, left the monudrew's-square, at the east end of George-street, ment as commemorative of incompetency of pecustands Lord Melville's monument. This is a re- niary means on the part of admiring survivors, as of markably handsome column, begun in 1821, and the deeds and bravery of departed heroes. finished in 1828, by subscriptions chiefly of naval monument was founded in 1822, during George IV.'s officers. It rises to the height of 136 feet, and is visit to Edinburgh, and was commenced in 1824. then surmounted by a statue 14 feet high. The The pillars of it which have been erected are of design is, in general, a copy of the Traian column in gigantic proportions, cost each upwards of £1,000, Rome; but deviates from that model in. the shaft and were designed to form the western range of the being fluted instead of ornamentally sculptured, and entire structure. Within the area of the monument, in the pedestal being a square instead of a sphere. in apartments commodiously fitted up, is an interestThe column is 12 feet 2 inches thick at the bottom, ing exhibition of statuary. On the face of Caltonand gradually diminishes in its ascent, till it is 10 hill, overlooking Waterloo-place, is Dugald Stewart's feet thick at the top. Up the interior is a spiral monument, erected in 1831. It was built from a staircase, lighted by almost imperceptible slits in the design by Mr. Playfair; and is in the style of a Grefluting. The base is adorned with some beautiful cian temple,-a restoration, with some variations, of architectural devices; and the colossal statue, formed the Choragic monument of Lysicrates.-On the of stone, appears, on its giddy elevation, of the natu- south-east angle of the New observatory is Profesral size of the human figure.-In front of the Royal sor Playfair's monument; a square, uninscribed edibank in St. Andrew's-square is a statue, in Roman fice of solid stone, enclosed with a rail. costume, of the Earl of Hopetoun, erected in 1835. The Earl leans on a charger pawing the pedestal, and is eulogized in inscriptions commemorative of his military exploits.-East of Bridewell, on the same side of the road, standing on an isolated eminence, is Burns' monument. This structure, though elegant, is unpleasing in its proportions; but has in its interior a fine statue of the poet by Flaxman.Near this monument, in the same locality, is a dark, low circular tower to the memory of David Hume.

On the summit of the highest rocky eminence of Calton-hill stands Nelson's monument,-a conspicuous object in almost every view of Edinburgh from sea or land, and a magnificent termination to the view along Prince's-street from the west. It was commenced shortly after Lord Nelson's death, but was not finished till 1815. Fastidious criticism has, in one instance, described it as "more ponderous than elegant;" and, in another instance, it has forgotten its own dignity by buffoonishly representing the monument as "modelled exactly after a Dutch skipper's spy-glass or a butter churn;" yet, as if fearful of a rebound of the witticism upon itself, has added that the monument, "from the grandeur of its site and the greatness of [its] dimensions, must be admitted to possess those attributes of sublimity which are independent of grandeur of design." [The Modern Athens.' By a Modern Greek. London, 1825.] The base is a battlemented edifice, divided into small apartments, and occupied by a restaurateur; and has, over its entrance, the crest of Nelson, and sculpture in bas-relief representing the stern of the San Joseph, and, underneath, an appropriate inscription. From this edificed base rises, to the height of more than 100 feet, a circular, hollow turret, battlemented at the top, climbed by a staircase within, and surmounted by a flag-staff. Around the edifice are a garden and plots of shrubbery. The precipice from the edge of which the monument rises possesses an outline, which, as seen from a point south of Holyrood-house, is alleged to be a profile of Nelson.-Near Nelson's monument, a little to the north, on the summit of a knoll, stand the twelve pillars of the National monument. This structure was projected in commemoration of the Scotsmen who fell in the land and sea fights consequent on the French revolution; and, with a splendour of design corresponding to the greatness of the object, was meant to be a literal restoration of the Parthenon of Athens. No little enthusiasm was displayed in the prospect of its erection, and promised to draw out the requisite though vast amount of money for its completion; but either it subsided, or felt its energies to be factitious, and, though

On the east side of Nicolson-street, south of the exit of Drummond-street, stands Surgeons' hall, or the hall of the Royal college of Surgeons. The building is modern, large, and elegant, with a fine portico, and cost about £20,000. The interior is arranged into several very spacious apartments. The pathological museums are extensive, and well fitted to aid surgical studies. On the south side of George-street, between St. David's-street and Hanover-street, is Physicians' hall, or the hall of the Royal college of Physicians, built in 1775. It is three stories high, purely Grecian, and has in front four beautiful Corinthian columns supporting a pediment. In one of the apartments is an excellent library of old foundation. On the north end of the Earthen mound, presenting shorter fronts to Hanoverstreet and the Old town, and longer ones to the views along Prince's-street, stands a magnificent oblong edifice called the Royal institution. This is one of the most handsome modern buildings in Scotland. It was founded in 1823, and is borne by a substructure of wooden piles and cross-bearers, rendered necessary by the ground being "travelled earth," and formed at a cost of upwards of £1,600. Besides a large central hall for the exhibitions of the Scottish academy of painting, the building contains apartments for the Royal society of Edinburgh, the Board of trustees for the improvement of manufactures, and the Society of Scottish antiquaries. The mu seum of the Antiquarian society is enriched, among many other curiosities, with some colours carried by the Covenanters during the civil war, the stool which Janet Geddes hurled at the Bishop of Edinburgh in St. Giles' church, and "the Maiden," or Scottish guillotine, with which many noblemen and distinguished persons were beheaded.-In Prince's-street, west of the Mound, is the New club, a sort of jointstock hotel and reading-room, for the exclusive use of an association of noblemen and gentlemen, the members of which are elected by ballot.-On the lands of Inverleith, nearly a mile north of the city toward the sea, is the Royal Botanic garden, twelve acres in area, and transplanted from a former site in 1822-4. The surface declines slightly to the south, and is disposed in plots and promenades of great beauty and variety. Within the area, are a pond for irrigating the soil of aquatic plants, hot-houses beated by steam for the culture of tropical plants, and a spacious building fitted up as a class-room for the professor and students of botany.

The University presents its main front to South Bridge street, and forms an entire side respectively of North College-street, West College-street, and South College-street. It is a regular parallelogram.

356 feet long and 225 wide, extending its length east The magistrates, who were vested with power to and west, and having in the centre a very spacious found it, purchased, in 1563, the ground on which court. The main front is of exquisite and stupen- it stands; but, in consequence of opposition from dous proportions, and superb and Grecian in its the prelates of St. Andrews and Aberdeen, were not architecture; but, in common with the entire build-able, till 1581, to make a fair commencement. But ing, is so pent up by the pressure of the street that previous to that date they had, by a remote grant it can nowhere be seen to advantage. Were the from Queen Mary, and a confirmed and immediate University situated in a large park, particularly upon one from James VI., received, towards its erection a rising ground, it would appear almost sublime, and and support, all the houses belonging to the religious be without a parallel among the modern edifices of foundations within the city; James IV. besides, Scotland; but situated as it is, it makes, upon the watched over the infant institution with paternal mind of a stranger, in its exterior views at least, care, and endowed it with church-lands, tithes, and impressions chiefly of bewilderment and confusion. other immunities. In 1583 it was opened for the The building is four stories high, and is entered by labours of a single professor, the amiable Robert very lofty and wide porticoes which penetrate it on Rollock; and, in 1597, it acquired a second profesthe east. At the sides of the main gateway are two sorship, and was presided over by Rollock as prinelegant columns, each 26 feet high, and formed of cipal. The original building was a tenement which a single stone. On the summit is a large stone en- had belonged first to the provost and canons of the tablature, with the following inscription: "Academia Kirk of Fields, and next, as a residence, to the Earl Jacobi VI. Scotorum Regis anno post Christum naof Arran. In 1617, a college-hall and several aparttum M,D,LXXXII instituta; annoque M,DCC,LXXXIX. ments for classes were erected. In 1685, it had renovari coepta; regnante Georgio III. Principe risen to possess 8 professorships, and was currently munificentissimo; Urbis Edinensis Praefecto Thoma attended by a large body of students. Previous to Elder; Academiæ Primario Gulielmo Robertson. the Revolution, it was disturbed and degraded by Architecto Roberto Adam." The continuous range the contests of faction; but since that event, it has of building round the inner court is in a very tasteful enjoyed quietude, and been marked by the calm Grecian style; and has an elegant stone balustrade, destitution of incident peculiar to a well-managed forming a kind of gallery, which is interrupted only seat of learning. In 1720, the study of medicine by the entrance, and by flights of steps to the Library, was introduced to its curriculum, and rapidly prothe Museum, the Hall of the Senatus Academicus, moted its prosperity, till it eventually won for the and the several class-rooms. At the angles, and on University the proudest name in Europe. No college the west side, are spacious piazzas. The Library- probably can boast of a longer or more brilliant array room, situated on the second floor of the south side, of eminent men, whether as professors or alumni. is a noble hall 198 feet long and 50 broad, with a So numerous have the men, in the walks of medibeautiful roof of stucco-work, and contains about cine, of metaphysics, of polite and classical literature, 80,000 volumes, besides a collection of antiquities, and of the various physical sciences, who, from 1720, sculpture, and articles of vertu. Accessions to its have shed lustre over it by their genius and their books are obtained by contributions of a copy of each fame, that a mere list of their names is nearly innew work from Stationers' hall, and of 10s. from compatible with the limits of condensed narrative each student on his matriculation, and £5 from each An idea of its progress, as well as of the constitutior professor on his induction. The library was founded of its senate, will be best formed by glancing at the in 1580 in a bequest of books by Mr. Clement Little, date, salaries, and class-fees of the professorships. The an advocate in Edinburgh, for the use of the citi- principalship, founded in 1585, has £151 salary. zens;" yet though it had so popularly-designed an The professorship of Humanity, founded in 1597, origin, and is supported chiefly by the public through has £87 salary and £1,319 fees. Divinity, founded Stationers' hall, it is conducted on decidedly exclu- in 1620, has £196 salary, fees not known. Oriental sive principles. The Museum, situated on the west languages, founded in 1642, has £115 salary and £142 side, occupies two rooms, each 90 feet by 30, on fees. Mathematics, founded in 1674, has £148 saseparate floors. The lower apartment is appropri- lary and £618 fees. Botany, founded in 1676, has ated to conserved large animals and other bulky ob- £127 salary and £898 fees. Theory of Physic, jects; and the upper one, lighted from the roof, and founded in 1685, has £882 fees. Practice of Physic, tastefully fitted up with elegant glass-cases and founded in 1685, has £1,008 fees. Ecclesiastical tables for the exhibition of birds, insects, shells, and history, founded in 1695, has £200 salary and £260 other small objects of natural history. In addition fees. Anatomy and Surgery, founded in 1705, has to the large rooms, are contiguous galleries and £55 salary and £969 fees. Public Law, founded in smaller apartments, appropriated to minerals, and 1707, has £485 salary. Greek, founded in 1708, other details. Though the museum is of recent has £87 salary and £1,171 fees. Natural Philosoorigin, it is already one of the best in Scotland, and phy, founded in 1708, has £52 salary and £638 fees. is accessible to a citizen or stranger for the fee of Moral Philosophy, founded in 1708, has £102 salary one shilling a visit. The University building was and £556 fees. Logic, founded in 1708, has £52 founded in 1789, the magistrates having resolved, salary and £551 fees. Civil Law, founded in 1710, has with more zeal for the celebrity of the city than at- £100 salary and £151 fees. Chemistry, founded in tention to their financial capacities, to bear the cost 1713, has £2,213 fees. Universal History, founded of the erection; and though, for a brief period, it in 1719, has £100 salary and £105 fees. Scottish was briskly carried forward, it had even the front Law, founded in 1722, has £100 salary and £953 part finished with difficulty, and stood in its slender fees. Midwifery, founded in 1726, has £596 fees. and fragmentary state about twenty years the monu- Clinical medicine, founded in 1741, has £801 fees. ment of combined vanity, rashness, and poverty. Rhetoric, founded in 1762, has £100 salary and £134 But, Government having, in 1815, resolved to ex- fees. Natural History, founded in 1767, has £100 pend £10,000 a-year upon it till it should be com- salary and £714 fees. Materia Medica, founded in pleted, it was a second time set in progress, and ad- 1768, has £1,281 fees. Practical Astronomy, founded vanced, through intermediate years and by successive in 1786, has £120 salary. Agriculture, founded in additions, to a finished state in 1834.-The Univer- 1790, has £50 salary and £63 fees. Clinical Sursity originated in a bequest of 8,000 merks by Robert gery, founded in 1803, has £100 salary and £611 Reid, Bishop of Orkney, before the Reformation. fees. Military Surgery, founded in 1806, has £100