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n-Mágaji, Birni-n-Torówa or Márekay, with Dan Korgú, Tuddu Makángerí, Ráwiya, Bidáji, Chíbiri.

The independent places are the following:

A'nka, residence of 'Abdú, the rebel chief of Zánfara (Serkín-Zánfara); Máffara, residence of Serkí-n-Tléta; Gummi, residence of the chief Banyári; Zóma, residence of 'Alí, and close by Gólli; Sabónbirni Dáragá, residence of Bánagá; Marádu, residence of Serkí-n-Káya; Gáumaché and Góra close by; Mátusgí, residence of Ajía; Gárbadú and Kággará, Munré, Bokúra, residence of Serkí-n-Báwa; Damrí, Sabóngarí, Dúffwa Máffará, a district, with the chief place, Rúwan-bóre; Dankó, U'ya.

In order to arrange these places topographically, I shall first give an itinerary from Kanó to Sokoto, by way of Káurin-Namóda:

1st day. Rími-n-Gadó.

2nd. Shá-nóno, a large walled place, having passed Yán

gadá.

3rd. Kúrkejám or Kúrkejángo, first place of the province of Kátsena, having passed Sábberé.

4th. Músáwa, a large walled town, with a market; short march.

5th. Yá-mántemáki, with a watercourse on its east side, running south; having passed U'ngwa Sámia. 6th. Sáwi, having passed Yá-músa, Shawáre, and Jigawa. 7th. Ajja, a walled place of middle size.

8th. Kiáwa, very large walled place, formerly the capital of Zánfara, at present rather thinly inhabited. 9th. Káuri-n-Namóda, residence of Namóda (brother of

Mahamúdu), with a market held every Monday and Tuesday, and a considerable watercourse on the west side, once a very large and populous place. A short day's march south, a little west from this place, lies Riyawa (not Ránia), and west from it Búngundú, at present said to be the largest place in

TOWNS OF ZA'NFARA.

523

Zánfara among those which belong to the faction of the Féllani; to its district or territory belong the smaller places of Alíbawá, Bidáji, Kasaráwa, Módomáwa, Fáddamáwa, Kontambáni, and the settlements of the Féllani-n-Dáwaki, and the Féllanin- -Také-adoy.

10th. Birni-n-Góga, on the east side of the same water

course.

11th. Kúsará, a small place inhabited by Fúlbe.

12th. Gwára, large walled place, having crossed a water

course.

13th. Bakúra, large walled place, formerly residence of 'Atíku, the son of Hámedu, till the town was taken by the Góberáwa. To the territory of this town belong the places: Sabóngarí, Dámmerí, Sála, Dogóje.

Bakúra from A'nka one long day south, farther than Gándi from Wurnó; Bakúra from Gándi one good day south, passing by Gáumaché. The river forms a large bend west of Bakúra, and at the angle lies Týmba.

14th. Týmba, walled place on the west side of the Gúlbi-nBakúra, at present in the hands of the A'zena. Between Týmba and Bakúra lie the towns Birni-nDámbo and Birni-n-Riyáde, and hereabouts are the places Alíbaná, Bidáji, Kasaráwa, Féllani-n-Dáwaki, Féllani-n-Také-adoy, Módomáwa, Fáddamáwa, Kon

tambáni.

15th. Galádi or Danfa, large place, with a pond of stagnant

water.

16th. A place of elephant hunters.

17th. Sókoto.

I shall now connect Bánagá, or rather Sabónbirni Dáragá, as it is more properly called, with a few other places, and shall then conclude this Appendix, reserving for Appendix

III. an enumeration of the towns and villages situated along the course of the Gúlbi-n-Zóma to where it joins the Gúlbin-Sókoto.

From Bánagá to A'nka is one long day north, just as from Gándi to Wurnó; from Bánagá to Gúmmi three days W.N.W. 1st day. Adébka, Garí-n-serkí-Kiyawa.

2nd. Birni-n-Týddu, on the south side of the Gúlbi-nZóma.

3rd. Gúmmi, passing by the town of Kaiwa.

From Bánagá to Kotórkoshé six moderate days' march.

1st. Bíni or Béna.

2nd. Mutúmji.

3rd. Mágami.

4th. Samrí.

5th. Cháfe.

6th. Kotórkoshé.

N.B. Besides Bíni and Mutúmji, there are in the same quarter, the district enclosed between Bánagá, Kotú-n-kúra -Kotú-n-kúra being from Bánagá two days S.W., and Gwári, the small principalities of Machéri, Bána, Morébbu, and Kumbáshi, all residences of petty chiefs, dependent in some degree on the governor of Kátsena.

Between Bakúra and Zóma lie Damrí, Sabóngarí, Sála, Takáre; further on, entering the territory of Zóma, Dangarúnfa, Másu, Matsáfa, Gúsará, Bókuyum, Solli.

From Sokoto to Zóma, south, three days: - first day, Danchádi, the same as from Sokoto to Wurnó; then a long night's march, reaching in the morning Birni-n-Mágaji, distance the same as that from Zékka to Búnka; from Mágaji to Zóma short march. From Gandó the distance is shorter.

Zóma lies about half way between A'nka and Gúmmi, on a river called after it, Gúlbi-n-Zóma; but I shall give all the particulars with regard to the towns lying along this valley

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525

further on in Appendix IV., as this river, which, lower down, is called Gúlbi-n-Gíndi, unites with the Gúlbi-n-Sókoto within the boundaries of Kebbi.

I here subjoin a list of the places situated along the watercourse, which lower down is called "Gúlbi-n-Sokoto," between Sansánne- Aísa and Dímbisó, but at present almost all of them are destroyed and deserted: first, Tóze on the south side; Gawángasó, where the branch of Marádi and Chéberi joins the greater trunk valley; Alkaláwa (written Alkadháwa), the former capital of Góber, destroyed by the Fúlbe, Laijínge, both south; Páday, north; Tsámay, north; Tsíche, north; Bóre, south; Kakákia, north; Márennú, south; Maráfa, south; Kiráre, north; Shináka, south; Giyáwa, Dímbisó. The valley, which probably has a very winding course, must therefore approach Giyáwa a little nearer than it has been laid down on the map.

526

APPENDIX II.

A FEW HISTORICAL FACTS RELATING TO GO'BER AND

ZA'NFARA.

(a.) Princes of Góber.

Sóba residing in Magále, one day west from Chébiri, made war against Gurma and Barba (Bargu), beyond the river Kwára, wherein he discovered a ford.

U'ba Ashé succeeded to Sóba.

Babári, King of Góber, reigned about fifty years, was introduced by the chief men of Zánfara into Birni-n-Zánfara, then a wealthy place, and the centre of an important commerce (1764), which he conquered and destroyed; whereupon he founded Alkaláwa, which then became the capital of Góber. This was the origin of the national hatred which exists between the Góberáwa and Zánfaráwa.

Dángudé, killed by the A'sbenáwa.

Báwa, with the surname Mayákí, the warrior, on account of his restless and warlike character. During the eight years of his reign he only remained forty days in Alkaláwa, waging war the whole time.

Yákoba, a younger brother of Báwa, reigned seven years, was killed by Agoréggi, the ruler of Kátsena, which place appears at that time to have reached its highest degree of power. Búnu reigned seven years, died in Alkalawa.

Yúnfa reigned forty-four years.

Dane or Dan Yúnfa reigned six years, made war against 'Othman the Reformer, son of Fódiye, when he was killed by Bello, son of 'Othmán at the taking of Alkalawa.

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