...the reader the whole bundle of associated ideas. (XIII, 469-70) [Economics] is compelled to be like this, because, unlike the typical natural science,...in too many respects, not homogeneous through time. (XIV, 296) It followed that the attempt to turn economics into an exact science similar to the mathematical...

...difficult part of economics was not finding numerical values for the parameters in particular models, but the art of choosing models which are relevant to the contemporary world. Here again Keynes is emphasizing the importance of judgement. Keynes was strongly influenced by Moore's...

...model. For as soon as this is done, the model loses its generality and its value as a mode of thought. Economics is a science of thinking in terms of models...is, in too many respects, not homogeneous through rime. The object of a model is to segregate the semi-permanent or relatively constant factors from...

...choice of models.... This requires .... a vigilant observation of the actual working of our system. ... Economics is a science of thinking in terms of models...models which are relevant to the contemporary world" (letter to Harrod, July 1938, in Collected Writings, Volume XIV, 1973). A progressive scientific programme...

...on the First Principles of Political Economy (1860) (London, George Allen & Sons, 1862/1910), 1. 41 "Economics is a science of thinking in terms of models...models which are relevant to the contemporary world." JM Keynes, letter to Roy Harrod of 4 July 1938, Moggridge, D., ed., The Collected Writings of John...

...important role in economics. Eg Blaug (1976:357), who notes that of vision. To use Keynes' phrase, the 'art of choosing models which are relevant to the contemporary world' was not keeping pace with the 'science of thinking in terms of models'. Velupillai (1996) points out...

...specificity. In a letter to Roy Harrod dated 4 July 1938 Keynes (1938 [1973]: 296) wrote: Economics is the science of thinking in terms of models joined to the...relevant to the contemporary world. It is compelled to do this, because, unlike the typical natural science, the material to which it is applied is, in too...

...Geschichte der romanischen und germanischen Volker von 1494-1535 (Leipzig, G. Reimer; 1824), preface. 22 'Economics is a science of thinking in terms of models...models which are relevant to the contemporary world.' JM Keynes, letter to Roy Harrod of 4 July 1938, in The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes (ed....

...dialogue between "pure" models and observable reality. Keynes (CW XFV: 296-97) writes: Economics is a way of thinking in terms of models joined to the art of...relevant to the contemporary world. It is compelled to do this, because, unlike the typical natural sciences, the material to which it is applied is, in too...

...the apple to the ground depended on the apple's motives. 3I Economics, he noted in the same letter, is a science of thinking in terms of models joined...too many respects, not homogeneous through time." This comment may be usefully contrasted with that made by Oscar Morgenstern to his diary a few years...