Architecting the cloud : design decisions for cloud computing service models (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS)

Foreword xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xix About the author xxi Chapter 1 Why Cloud, Why Now? 1 Evolution of Cloud Computing 3 Enter the Cloud 6 Start-Up Case Study: Instagram, from Zero to a Billion Overnight 8 Established Company Case Study: Netflix, Shifting from On-Premises to the Cloud 9 Government Case Study: NOAA, E-mail, and Collaboration in the Cloud 10 Not-for-Profit Case Study: Obama Campaign, Six-Month Shelf-Life with One Big Peak 10 Summary 11 Chapter 2 Cloud Service Models 13 Infrastructure as a Service 13 Platform as a Service 15 Software as a Service 17 Deployment Models 18 Summary 22 Chapter 3 Cloud Computing Worst Practices 23 Avoiding Failure When Moving to the Cloud 23 Migrating Applications to the Cloud 23 Misguided Expectations 27 Misinformed about Cloud Security 29 Selecting a Favorite Vendor, Not an Appropriate Vendor 31 Outages and Out-of-Business Scenarios 31 Underestimating the Impacts of Organizational Change 33 Skills Shortage 35 Misunderstanding Customer Requirements 36 Unexpected Costs 37 Summary 39 Chapter 4 It Starts with Architecture 41 The Importance of Why, Who, What, Where, When, and How 41 Start with the Business Architecture 43 Identify the Problem Statement (Why) 47 Evaluate User Characteristics (Who) 48 Identify Business and Technical Requirements (What) 48 Visualize the Service Consumer Experience (Where) 49 Identify the Project Constraints (When and with What) 51 Understand Current State Constraints (How) 52 Summary 54 Chapter 5 Choosing the Right Cloud Service Model 55 Considerations when Choosing a Cloud Service Model 56 When to Use SaaS 59 When to Use PaaS 62 When to Use IaaS 65 Common Cloud Use Cases 68 Summary 69 Chapter 6 The Key to the Cloud: RESTful Services 71 Why REST? 72 The Challenges of Migrating Legacy Systems to the Cloud 74 Summary 75 Chapter 7 Auditing in the Cloud 77 Data and Cloud Security 78 Auditing Cloud Applications 78 Regulations in the Cloud 80 Audit Design Strategies 83 Summary 85 Chapter 8 Data Considerations in the Cloud 87 Data Characteristics 87 Multitenant or Single Tenant 92 Choosing Data Store Types 95 Summary 98 Chapter 9 Security Design in the Cloud 99 The Truth about Data in the Cloud 100 How Much Security Is Required 101 Responsibilities for Each Cloud Service Model 104 Security Strategies 108 Areas of Focus 110 Summary 118 Chapter 10 Creating a Centralized Logging Strategy 119 Log File Uses 119 Logging Requirements 120 Summary 124 Chapter 11 SLA Management 127 Factors That Impact SLAs 127 Defining SLAs 130 Managing Vendor SLAs 132 Summary 135 Chapter 12 Monitoring Strategies 137 Proactive vs. Reactive Monitoring 137 What Needs to Be Monitored? 138 Monitoring Strategies by Category 139 Monitoring by Cloud Service Level 145 Summary 147 Chapter 13 Disaster Recovery Planning 149 What Is the Cost of Downtime? 149 Disaster Recovery Strategies for IaaS 151 Recovering from a Disaster in the Primary Data Center 152 Disaster Recovery Strategies for PaaS 157 Disaster Recovery Strategies for SaaS 159 Disaster Recovery Hybrid Clouds 160 Summary 162Chapter 14 Leveraging a DevOps Culture to Deliver Software Faster and More Reliably 163 Developing the DevOps Mind-Set 163 Automate Infrastructure 165 Automate Deployments 166 Design Feature Flags 167 Measure, Monitor, and Experiment 167 Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery 168 Summary 170 Chapter 15 Assessing the Organizational Impact of the Cloud Model 171 Enterprise Model vs. Elastic Cloud Model 172 IT Impact 173 Business Impacts 174 Organization Change Planning 178 Change in the Real World 180 Summary 181 Chapter 16 Final Thoughts 183 The Cloud Is Evolving Rapidly 183 Cloud Culture 185 New Business Models 186 PaaS Is the Game Changer 187 Summary 190 Index 193