Minorities in the Middle East : a History of Struggle and Self-Expression, 2d Ed

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Cover; Table of Contents; Preface; 1. Introduction: The Middle Eastern Mosaic; States and Nations; Minorities in the Middle East; The Debate About Minorities; Principles and Means of Conflict Resolution; Part I: Muslim Minorities; 2. Kurds: A Legacy of Struggle and Suffering; Kurdish Life Under Islam; Toward Independence in Kurdistan; The Mahabad Episode; Liberation as Rebellion; Kurdish Persistence and Powerlessness; Self-Rule and National Division in the 1990s; 3. Berbers: Between Rebellion and Submission; Religiously Syncretic, Communally Exotic; The French Invasion and Berber Militancy. The Episode of Riffian IndependenceKabylia and the Front de Libération National (FLN); Arab Statehood and the Berbers; New Circumstances and Old Problems; 4. Baluch: From Obscurity to Geostrategic Importance; Toward Independence in Baluchistan; State Repression and International Opportunity; Between Afghanistan and the Persian Gulf; Part II: Heterodox Muslim Minorities; 5. Druzes: Freedom Without Independence; Religion and Its Precepts; Druze Warfare Within and Without; Druze Particularity in Mideast States; Survival Without Sovereignty; 6. 'Alawites: To Power and the Unknown. Mysterious Sectarianism'Alawite Statehood and the French; Military Professionalism, Political Pretensions; The Assad Regime; An Uncertain Gamble; Part III: Christian Minorities; 7. Copts: From Majority People to Minority Religion; Religious and Communal Identity; During the French and British Years; Facing Islam, Arabism, and Egyptian Independence; Insecurity and Abandonment; 8. Armenians: Talent, Tragedy, and Territorial Loss; Christianity and National Character; Toward Independence in Armenia; The First Genocide of the Twentieth Century; Dispersion and Statehood; Revenge, Not Revolution. 9. Assyrians: An Ancient People, a Perennial StruggleFacing Antiquity, Christianity, and Islam; The Church, Facing East and West; Toward Assyrian Independence and Failure; Dispersion and Revitalization; 10. Maronites: Sophistication and Missed Opportunities; Lebanon's European Connection; Ottoman Days, Maronite Nights; Toward Independence in Lebanon; Between Statehood and Sectarianism; Maronite Decline and the Lebanese War; Syrian Occupation and Israeli Withdrawal; 11. Sudanese Christians: Tribulations and War in Black Africa; Christianity in the Jungle; Southern Subjugation and Slavery. British Rule: Toward Southern Freedom and BackSudanese Independence and Southern Rebellion; War: Religious, Regional, and Russian Factors; Change and Continuity in the Southern Struggle; Part IV: Jews, Israel, and Other Middle Eastern Minorities; 12. Jews: Zionist Achievement, Lingering Question; Judaism: A Religion and a Nationality; The Everlasting Homeland; Survival Despite Dispersion; Toward Jewish Independence in Eretz-Israel; The Key to Zionist Success; The Dhimmi Syndrome; The Problematics of Arab Opposition; 13. Jews, Israel, and the Minorities; The Middle Eastern Minority Equation