A Medieval Italian Commune: Siena Under the Nine, 1287-1355"Siena rivaled Florence in the arts throughout the 13th and 14th centuries: the important late medieval painter Duccio (1253?1319) was a Sienese, but worked across the peninsula, and the mural of "Good Government" by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in the Palazzo Pubblico, or town hall, is a magnificent example of late-Medieval/early Renaissance art as well as a representation of the utopia of urban society as conceived during that period. Siena was devastated by the Black Death of 1348, and also suffered from ill-fated financial enterprises. In 1355, with the arrival of Charles IV of Luxembourg in the city, the population rose and suppressed the government of the Nove (Nine), establishing that Dodici (Twelve) nobles assisted by a council with a popular majority. This was also short-lived, being replaced by the Quindici (Fifteen) reformers in 1385, the Dieci (Ten, 1386?1387), Undici (Eleven, 1388?1398) and Twelve Priors (1398?1399) who, in the end, gave the city's seigniory to Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan in order to defend it from the Florentine expansionism."--Wikipedia. |
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Agnolo Aldobrandeschi Ambrogio Ambrogio Lorenzetti appointed Archivio Biccherna Bindo Black Death Bonsignori Bowsky BSSP Camollia captain casati Castruccio Castracani cavallata cavalry Church cited Città city council city of Siena coinage commission commune of Siena companies comune Concistoro Const constitution Consuls contadini contado contado communities contrade councillors court creditors decade Dist families Florence Florentine foreign fourteenth century Gabella gabelles Ghibelline Giovanni gold florins Grosseto Guelf guild Ibid included June jurisdiction knights lands later least legislation lords Lorenzetti maggior sindaco magistracy magnates major Malavolti Maremma Massa Marittima measure medieval Mercanzia merchants military Mondolfo Montanini mune Nine noble Noveschi oligarchy ordered Palazzo Comunale papal Perugia petition Piccolomini Pietro Pistoia podesta popolo provisions Prunai radota received regime reprisals rubrics ruling oligarchy Salimbeni San Martino Senesi served Sienese citizens Sienese commune Sienese government signory Simone Martini statutes terzo thirteenth Tolomei towns Tuscan urban voted